The impact of food-based dietary strategies on achieving type 2 diabetes remission: A systematic review

Abstract

Objective

Conventional wisdom once asserted that diabetes was irreversible. However, contemporary research indicates that dietary changes may contribute to achieving diabetes remission in persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to determine the effectiveness of food-based dietary approaches for T2D remission.

Methods

We systematically searched Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science, along with exploring grey literature, to identify longitudinal studies. Data extraction and quality assessment adhered to predetermined criteria, and the results of the included studies were analyzed using a narrative synthesis and graphical display.

Results

We included 52 original studies—40 % were rated as low-risk of bias. Overall, studies showed the low-carbohydrate Mediterranean diet (LCMD), compared to a low-fat diet, was more effective for achieving T2D remission in newly diagnosed patients who also had a weight loss of up to 6 kg. Compared to both the traditional Mediterranean diet and the American Diabetic Association diet, the LCMD was also more effective at diabetes remission for persons with T2D with any duration of diabetes; however, more substantial weight loss of 8 kg was required. Other diets that appeared effective for T2D remission included low-calorie diets and diets high in plant protein sources. Less weight loss was needed to achieve remission on plant-based diets than a low-calorie diet and low-carbohydrate diet.

Conclusions

Diets high in plant protein sources may support T2D remission, particularly among newly diagnosed patients. For patients with a duration of over 2 years, the combination of plant-based diets with greater weight loss should be considered to induce remission.