Discrimination and Racial Inequities in Self-reported Mental Health Among Immigrants and Canadian-Born Individuals in a Large, Nationally Representative Canadian Survey.

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-20 DOI:10.1007/s40615-024-02128-4

Kathleen S Kenny, Susitha Wanigaratne, Lisa Merry, Arjumand Siddiqi, Marcelo L Urquia

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Abstract

We examined the link between discrimination and self-rated mental health (SRMH) among immigrants and Canadian-born individuals, stratified according to an individual's identification as racialized or white. Using data from Canada's General Social Survey (2014) (weighted N = 27,575,000) with a novel oversample of immigrants, we estimated the association of perceived discrimination with SRMH separately among immigrants and Canadian-born individuals and stratified by racialized status. Among immigrants, we also investigated whether age-at-arrival attenuated or strengthened associations. The prevalence of discrimination was higher among racialized compared to white immigrants (18.9% versus 11.8%), and among racialized compared to white non-immigrants (20.0% versus 10.5%). In the adjusted model with immigrants, where white immigrants not reporting discrimination were the referent group, both white (adjusted prevalence odds ratio [aPOR] 6.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.08, 12.12) and racialized immigrants (aPOR 2.28, 95% CI 1.29, 4.04) who experienced discrimination reported poorer SRMH. The associations were weaker among immigrants who immigrated in adulthood. In the adjusted model with non-immigrants, compared to unexposed white respondents, Canadian-born white respondents who experienced discrimination reported poorer SRMH (aPOR 3.62, 95% CI 2.99, 4.40) while no statistically significant association was detected among racialized respondents (aPOR 2.24, 95% CI 0.90, 5.58). Racialized respondents experienced significant levels of discrimination compared to white respondents irrespective of immigrant status. Discrimination was associated with poor SRMH among all immigrants, with some evidence of a stronger association for white immigrants and immigrants who migrated at a younger age. For Canadian-born individuals, discrimination was associated with poor SRMH among white respondents only.

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在一项具有全国代表性的大型加拿大调查中，移民和加拿大出生的个人在自我报告的心理健康方面存在歧视和种族不平等。

我们研究了移民和加拿大出生者中歧视与自评心理健康（SRMH）之间的联系，并根据个人的种族或白人身份进行了分层。我们利用加拿大总体社会调查（2014 年）的数据（加权 N = 27,575,000 人）和一个新的移民超样本，分别估算了移民和加拿大出生者中感知到的歧视与 SRMH 之间的关系，并按种族身份进行了分层。在移民中，我们还调查了到达年龄是否削弱或加强了相关性。与白人移民相比，种族移民受歧视的比例更高（18.9% 对 11.8%），与白人非移民相比，种族移民受歧视的比例也更高（20.0% 对 10.5%）。在以未报告遭受歧视的白人移民为参照组的移民调整模型中，遭受歧视的白人（调整后患病率比[aPOR]6.11，95%置信区间[CI]3.08-12.12）和种族移民（aPOR 2.28，95%置信区间[CI]1.29-4.04）的SRMH均较差。成年后移民的相关性较弱。在与非移民的调整模型中，与未受歧视的白人受访者相比，在加拿大出生的白人受访者中，受歧视者的 SRMH 较低（aPOR 3.62，95% CI 2.99，4.40），而在种族化受访者中，没有发现有统计学意义的关联（aPOR 2.24，95% CI 0.90，5.58）。与白人受访者相比，有色人种受访者无论移民身份如何，都遭受了严重的歧视。在所有移民中，歧视与 SRMH 差异有关，有证据表明，白人移民和移民年龄较小的移民受到的歧视与 SRMH 差异更大。就加拿大出生的个人而言，歧视仅与白人受访者的 SRMH 差异有关。

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来源期刊

Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

5.10%

发文量

263

期刊介绍： Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities reports on the scholarly progress of work to understand, address, and ultimately eliminate health disparities based on race and ethnicity. Efforts to explore underlying causes of health disparities and to describe interventions that have been undertaken to address racial and ethnic health disparities are featured. Promising studies that are ongoing or studies that have longer term data are welcome, as are studies that serve as lessons for best practices in eliminating health disparities. Original research, systematic reviews, and commentaries presenting the state-of-the-art thinking on problems centered on health disparities will be considered for publication. We particularly encourage review articles that generate innovative and testable ideas, and constructive discussions and/or critiques of health disparities.Because the Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities receives a large number of submissions, about 30% of submissions to the Journal are sent out for full peer review.