Exploration, Distributed Attention, and Development of Category Learning.

IF 4.8 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-19 DOI:10.1177/09567976241258146
Qianqian Wan, Vladimir M Sloutsky
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Category learning is a crucial aspect of cognition that involves organizing entities into equivalence classes. Whereas adults tend to focus on category-relevant features, young children often distribute attention between relevant and irrelevant ones. The reasons for children's distributed attention are not fully understood. In two category-learning experiments with adults and with children aged 4, 5, and 6 (N = 201), we examined potential drivers of distributed attention, including (a) immature filtering of distractors and (b) the general tendency for exploration or broad information sampling. By eliminating distractor competition, we reduced filtering demands. Despite identifying the features critical for accurate categorization, children, regardless of their categorization performance, continued sampling more information than was necessary. These results indicate that the tendency to sample information extensively contributes to distributed attention in young children. We identify candidate drivers of this tendency that need to be examined in future research.

探索、分散注意力和类别学习的发展。
类别学习是认知的一个重要方面,它涉及将实体组织到等价类别中。成人倾向于关注与类别相关的特征,而幼儿则经常在相关和不相关的特征之间分散注意力。儿童注意力分散的原因尚不完全清楚。在两项以成人和 4、5、6 岁儿童(N = 201)为对象的分类学习实验中,我们研究了分散注意的潜在驱动因素,包括(a)对干扰物的不成熟过滤和(b)探索或广泛信息取样的一般倾向。通过消除干扰物竞争,我们降低了过滤要求。尽管孩子们识别出了对准确分类至关重要的特征,但无论他们的分类成绩如何,他们都会继续采样超出必要范围的信息。这些结果表明,广泛抽取信息的倾向会导致幼儿注意力分散。我们确定了这种倾向的候选驱动因素,需要在今后的研究中加以考察。
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来源期刊
Psychological Science
Psychological Science PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
13.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
156
期刊介绍: Psychological Science, the flagship journal of The Association for Psychological Science (previously the American Psychological Society), is a leading publication in the field with a citation ranking/impact factor among the top ten worldwide. It publishes authoritative articles covering various domains of psychological science, including brain and behavior, clinical science, cognition, learning and memory, social psychology, and developmental psychology. In addition to full-length articles, the journal features summaries of new research developments and discussions on psychological issues in government and public affairs. "Psychological Science" is published twelve times annually.
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