Cupiennius spiders (Trechaleidae) from southern Mexico: DNA barcoding, venomics, and biological effect.

IF 1.8 3区 医学 Q4 TOXICOLOGY
Montserrat Padilla-Villavicencio, Gerardo Corzo, Karina Guillén-Navarro, Guillermo Ibarra-Núñez, Iván Arenas, Fernando Zamudio, Elia Diego-García
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Members of the genus Cupiennius Simon, 1891 are categorized as wandering spiders and are part of the family Trechaleidae. The genomics and proteomics of Cupiennius spiders from North America remain uncharacterized. The present study explores for the first time molecular data from the endemic species Cupiennius chiapanensis Medina, 2006, and also presents new data for Cupiennius salei (Keyserling, 1878), both collected in southern Mexico.

Methods: In total, 88 Cupiennius specimens were collected from southern Mexico and morphologically identified. DNA was extracted and the mitochondrial COI fragment was amplified. COI sequences were analyzed, and a phylogenetic tree was inferred for species from the Americas. Genetic diversity was analyzed using haplotype networks and gene distances. Venom was obtained from C. chiapanensis and C. salei by electrostimulation. The venom was separated by HPLC, visualized using SDS-PAGE, and quantified for use in toxicity bioassays in mice and insects.

Results: Analysis of COI sequences from C. chiapanensis showed 94% identity with C. salei, while C. salei exhibited 94-97% identity with sequences from Central and South American conspecifics. The venom from C. chiapanensis exhibited toxic activity against crickets. Venoms from C. chiapanensis and C. salei caused death in Anastrepha obliqua flies. Analysis of venom fractions from C. salei and C. chiapanensis revealed molecular masses of a similar size as some previously reported toxins and neurotoxic components. We determined the amino acid sequences of ChiaTx1 and ChiaTx2, toxins that are reported here for the first time and which showed toxicity against mice and insects.

Conclusion: Our work is the first to report COI-based DNA barcoding sequences from southern Mexican Cupiennius spiders. Compounds with toxic activity were identified in venom from both species.

墨西哥南部的 Cupiennius 蜘蛛(Trechaleidae):DNA条形码、毒液组学和生物效应。
背景:Cupiennius Simon,1891 年属的成员被归类为游走蜘蛛,属于 Trechaleidae 科。北美 Cupiennius 蜘蛛的基因组学和蛋白质组学仍未定性。本研究首次探索了墨西哥特有种 Cupiennius chiapanensis Medina, 2006 的分子数据,并提供了 Cupiennius salei (Keyserling, 1878) 的新数据:方法:从墨西哥南部共采集了 88 个 Cupiennius 标本并进行了形态鉴定。提取 DNA 并扩增线粒体 COI 片段。对 COI 序列进行分析,并推断出美洲物种的系统发生树。利用单倍型网络和基因距离分析了遗传多样性。通过电刺激从 C. chiapanensis 和 C. salei 身上获取毒液。毒液经高效液相色谱分离,用 SDS-PAGE 显像,并定量用于小鼠和昆虫的毒性生物测定:结果:C. chiapanensis 的 COI 序列分析表明与 C. salei 有 94% 的相同性,而 C. salei 与中美洲和南美洲同种动物的序列有 94-97% 的相同性。C. chiapanensis 的毒液对蟋蟀具有毒性。C. chiapanensis 和 C. salei 的毒液会导致 Anastrepha obliqua 苍蝇死亡。对C. salei和C. chiapanensis毒液组分的分析表明,其分子质量与之前报道的一些毒素和神经毒性成分相似。我们确定了 ChiaTx1 和 ChiaTx2 的氨基酸序列,这是首次报道的毒素,对小鼠和昆虫具有毒性:我们的研究首次报告了墨西哥南部丘比特蜘蛛基于 COI 的 DNA 条形码序列。在这两种蜘蛛的毒液中都发现了具有毒性活性的化合物。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
8.30%
发文量
39
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases (JVATiTD) is a non-commercial academic open access publication dedicated to research on all aspects of toxinology, venomous animals and tropical diseases. Its interdisciplinary content includes original scientific articles covering research on toxins derived from animals, plants and microorganisms. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:systematics and morphology of venomous animals;physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology and immunology of toxins;epidemiology, clinical aspects and treatment of envenoming by different animals, plants and microorganisms;development and evaluation of antivenoms and toxin-derivative products;epidemiology, clinical aspects and treatment of tropical diseases (caused by virus, bacteria, algae, fungi and parasites) including the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) defined by the World Health Organization.
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