Mohamed H Elbahoty, Bhavyasree Papineni, Rajeev S Samant
{"title":"Multiple myeloma: clinical characteristics, current therapies and emerging innovative treatments targeting ribosome biogenesis dynamics.","authors":"Mohamed H Elbahoty, Bhavyasree Papineni, Rajeev S Samant","doi":"10.1007/s10585-024-10305-2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clinical disorder characterized by aberrant plasma cell growth in the bone marrow microenvironment. Globally, the prevalence of MM has been steadily increasing at an alarming rate. In the United States, more than 30,000 cases will be diagnosed in 2024 and it accounts for about 2% of cancer diagnoses and more than 2% of cancer deaths, more than double the worldwide figure. Both symptomatic and active MM are distinguished by uncontrolled plasma cell growth, which results in severe renal impairment, anemia, hypercalcemia, and bone loss. Multiple drugs have been approved by the FDA and are now widely used in clinical practice for MM. Although triplet and quadruplet induction regimens, autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), and maintenance treatment are used, MM continues to be an incurable illness characterized by relapses that may occur at various phases of its progression. MM patients with frailty, extramedullary disease, plasma cell leukemia, central nervous system recurrence, functional high risk, and the elderly are among those with the greatest current unmet needs. The high cost of care is an additional challenge. MM cells are highly protein secretary cells and thus are dependent on the activation of certain translation pathways. MM also has a high chance of altering ribosomal protein-encoding genes like MYC mutation. In this article we discuss the importance of ribosome biogenesis in promoting MM and RNA polymerase I inhibition as an upcoming treatment with potential promise for MM patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10267,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Experimental Metastasis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Clinical & Experimental Metastasis","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-024-10305-2","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ONCOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clinical disorder characterized by aberrant plasma cell growth in the bone marrow microenvironment. Globally, the prevalence of MM has been steadily increasing at an alarming rate. In the United States, more than 30,000 cases will be diagnosed in 2024 and it accounts for about 2% of cancer diagnoses and more than 2% of cancer deaths, more than double the worldwide figure. Both symptomatic and active MM are distinguished by uncontrolled plasma cell growth, which results in severe renal impairment, anemia, hypercalcemia, and bone loss. Multiple drugs have been approved by the FDA and are now widely used in clinical practice for MM. Although triplet and quadruplet induction regimens, autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), and maintenance treatment are used, MM continues to be an incurable illness characterized by relapses that may occur at various phases of its progression. MM patients with frailty, extramedullary disease, plasma cell leukemia, central nervous system recurrence, functional high risk, and the elderly are among those with the greatest current unmet needs. The high cost of care is an additional challenge. MM cells are highly protein secretary cells and thus are dependent on the activation of certain translation pathways. MM also has a high chance of altering ribosomal protein-encoding genes like MYC mutation. In this article we discuss the importance of ribosome biogenesis in promoting MM and RNA polymerase I inhibition as an upcoming treatment with potential promise for MM patients.
多发性骨髓瘤(MM)是一种以骨髓微环境中浆细胞异常生长为特征的临床疾病。在全球范围内,多发性骨髓瘤的发病率正以惊人的速度稳步上升。在美国,2024 年确诊的病例将超过 3 万例,约占癌症确诊病例的 2%,占癌症死亡病例的 2%,是全球数字的两倍多。无症状和活动性 MM 的特征都是浆细胞生长失控,导致严重的肾功能损害、贫血、高钙血症和骨质流失。美国食品和药物管理局已批准多种药物,目前已广泛用于 MM 的临床治疗。虽然三联和四联诱导方案、自体干细胞移植(ASCT)和维持治疗已被采用,但MM仍是一种不治之症,其特点是在病情发展的不同阶段都可能复发。患有虚弱、髓外疾病、浆细胞白血病、中枢神经系统复发、功能性高风险和老年人的 MM 患者,是目前需求尚未得到满足的最大群体。高昂的治疗费用也是一项挑战。MM 细胞是高度蛋白质秘书细胞,因此依赖于某些翻译途径的激活。MM也很有可能改变核糖体蛋白编码基因,如MYC突变。在这篇文章中,我们讨论了核糖体生物发生在促进 MM 方面的重要性,以及 RNA 聚合酶 I 抑制作为一种即将出现的治疗方法对 MM 患者的潜在前景。
期刊介绍:
The Journal''s scope encompasses all aspects of metastasis research, whether laboratory-based, experimental or clinical and therapeutic. It covers such areas as molecular biology, pharmacology, tumor biology, and clinical cancer treatment (with all its subdivisions of surgery, chemotherapy and radio-therapy as well as pathology and epidemiology) insofar as these disciplines are concerned with the Journal''s core subject of metastasis formation, prevention and treatment.