Conversion of Bamboo into Strong, Waterproof, and Biodegradable Thermosetting Plastic through Cell Wall Structure Directed Manipulation.

Abstract

Reckoning with the global environmental challenge of plastic pollution, particularly in terms of recycling and biodegradation of thermosetting plastics, sustainable alternatives are imperative. The rapidly growing and eco-friendly material bamboo has great potential as a sustainable resource; however, it lacks the inherent self-bonding and plasticity characteristics found in plastics. This study presents a feasible approach to enhance the plasticity of bamboo by selectively removing part of its lignin and disrupting the crystalline structure of cellulose. Concurrently, this process selectively transforms hydroxyl groups into highly reactive dialdehyde groups to increase the reactivity of bamboo. The resulting activated bamboo units undergo a hot-pressing process to transform them into a type of thermosetting plastic (ABTP). The ABTP is highly moldable, and its color can be precisely regulated by adjusting the lignin content. Additionally, it exhibits exceptional solvent and water resistance, along with notable mechanical properties, including a tensile strength of 50 MPa, flexural strength of 80 MPa, flexural modulus of 5 GPa, and Shore D hardness approaching 90. Furthermore, the bamboo-derived plastic exhibits exceptional reusability and biodegradability, presenting feasible and environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional plastics while harnessing the sustainable development potential of bamboo.