The interplay of perceptual processing demands and practice in modulating voluntary and involuntary motor responses.

IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES
Welber Marinovic, An T Nguyen, Ann-Maree Vallence, James R Tresilian, Ottmar V Lipp
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Abstract

Understanding how sensory processing demands affect the ability to ignore task-irrelevant, loud auditory stimuli (LAS) during a task is key to performance in dynamic environments. For example, tennis players must ignore crowd noise to perform optimally. We investigated how practice affects this ability by examining the effects of delivering LASs during preparatory phase of an anticipatory timing (AT) task on the voluntary and reflexive responses in two conditions: lower and higher visual processing loads. Twenty-four participants (mean age = 23.1, 11 females) completed the experiment. The AT task involved synchronizing a finger abduction response with the last visual stimulus item in a sequence of four Gabor grating patches briefly flashed on screen. The lower demand condition involved only this task, and the higher demand condition required processing the orientations of the patches to report changes in the final stimulus item. Our results showed that higher visual processing demands affected the release of voluntary actions, particularly in the first block of trials. When the perceptual load was lower, responses were released earlier by the LAS compared to the high-load condition. Practice reduced these effects largely, but high perceptual load still led to earlier action release in the second block. In contrast, practice led to more apparent facilitation of eyeblink latency in the second block. These findings indicate that a simple perceptual load manipulation can impact the execution of voluntary motor actions, particularly for inexperienced participants. They also suggest distinct movement preparation influences on voluntary and involuntary actions triggered by acoustic stimuli.

感知处理需求和练习在调节自主和非自主运动反应中的相互作用。
了解感官处理需求如何影响人们在执行任务时忽略与任务无关的巨大听觉刺激(LAS)的能力,是在动态环境中取得好成绩的关键。例如,网球运动员必须忽略人群噪音才能发挥最佳水平。我们通过研究在预期计时(AT)任务的准备阶段发出 LAS 对两种条件下(较低和较高的视觉处理负荷)的自主和反射性反应的影响,探讨了练习如何影响这种能力。24 名参与者(平均年龄 = 23.1 岁,11 名女性)完成了实验。AT任务包括使手指外展反应与屏幕上短暂闪现的四个Gabor光栅光斑序列中的最后一个视觉刺激项目同步。要求较低的条件只涉及这项任务,而要求较高的条件则需要处理光斑的方向,以报告最终刺激项目的变化。我们的结果表明,较高的视觉处理要求会影响自愿动作的释放,尤其是在第一组试验中。当知觉负荷较低时,与高负荷条件相比,LAS更早释放反应。练习在很大程度上减少了这些影响,但高知觉负荷仍然会导致在第二个区块中更早地释放动作。与此相反,在第二个区块中,练习对眼动潜伏期的促进作用更为明显。这些研究结果表明,简单的知觉负荷操作就能影响自主运动动作的执行,对于缺乏经验的参与者来说尤其如此。这些研究结果还表明,声刺激触发的自主和非自主动作会受到不同的运动准备影响。
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来源期刊
Psychophysiology
Psychophysiology 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
6.80
自引率
8.10%
发文量
225
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Founded in 1964, Psychophysiology is the most established journal in the world specifically dedicated to the dissemination of psychophysiological science. The journal continues to play a key role in advancing human neuroscience in its many forms and methodologies (including central and peripheral measures), covering research on the interrelationships between the physiological and psychological aspects of brain and behavior. Typically, studies published in Psychophysiology include psychological independent variables and noninvasive physiological dependent variables (hemodynamic, optical, and electromagnetic brain imaging and/or peripheral measures such as respiratory sinus arrhythmia, electromyography, pupillography, and many others). The majority of studies published in the journal involve human participants, but work using animal models of such phenomena is occasionally published. Psychophysiology welcomes submissions on new theoretical, empirical, and methodological advances in: cognitive, affective, clinical and social neuroscience, psychopathology and psychiatry, health science and behavioral medicine, and biomedical engineering. The journal publishes theoretical papers, evaluative reviews of literature, empirical papers, and methodological papers, with submissions welcome from scientists in any fields mentioned above.
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