{"title":"Temporal and spatial patterns of extreme heat on wheat in China under climate change scenarios","authors":"Heyu Chen, Yaojie Yue, Qinghua Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105938","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Revealing the spatial-temporal pattern of extreme heat on staple crops is crucial for proposing adaptation strategies to mitigate climate change-related agricultural risks. Studies in this field generally focus on the reproductive stage and rely on a single-staged threshold temperature to construct extreme heat indicators, which particularly neglect the vegetative stage of wheat. Therefore, to measure the extreme heat risks more scientifically across the entire life cycle of wheat, our study defines a new comprehensive extreme heat index (CEHI) that considers specific thresholds in both the reproductive and vegetative stages. In general, under three climate scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5), approximately 20 % of the wheat-planting regions in China, especially in winter wheat regions such as the North China Plain, the Sichuan Basin, and the Xinjiang Tarim Basin, are projected to face high levels of extreme heat. Meanwhile, from 2010 to 2099, the average growth rates of extreme heat in China under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios are approximately 0.08, 0.06, and 0.1, respectively. By the century's end, the proportion of wheat-planting regions experiencing high and very high levels (CEHI≥0.4) of extreme heat is projected to increase from 18.0 %, 17.9 %, and 18.4 % to 21.4 %, 25.1 %, and 28.9 % under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios. Among them, RCP8.5 has the highest extreme heat severity on wheat in China, followed by RCP4.5, while RCP2.6 has minimal severity. Under the RCP8.5 scenario, the proportions of very high, high, moderate, low, and very low levels of extreme heat are 3.4 %, 18.5 %, 16.7 %, 14.9 %, and 46.5 %, respectively. Meanwhile, our study also emphasizes that although higher-latitude spring wheat regions will experience a significantly increasing trend in extreme heat, this may not spell long-term damage to wheat. Therefore, with consideration of varied temperature sensitivities across wheat growth stages, our study indicates that CEHI serves as an effective method to comprehensively and scientifically assess extreme heat on wheat. Furthermore, based on the regional and varietal differences in extreme heat under climate change, our study highlights the importance of developing region- and variety-specific policies to ensure the sustainability of wheat.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 105938"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S009884722400296X","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Revealing the spatial-temporal pattern of extreme heat on staple crops is crucial for proposing adaptation strategies to mitigate climate change-related agricultural risks. Studies in this field generally focus on the reproductive stage and rely on a single-staged threshold temperature to construct extreme heat indicators, which particularly neglect the vegetative stage of wheat. Therefore, to measure the extreme heat risks more scientifically across the entire life cycle of wheat, our study defines a new comprehensive extreme heat index (CEHI) that considers specific thresholds in both the reproductive and vegetative stages. In general, under three climate scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5), approximately 20 % of the wheat-planting regions in China, especially in winter wheat regions such as the North China Plain, the Sichuan Basin, and the Xinjiang Tarim Basin, are projected to face high levels of extreme heat. Meanwhile, from 2010 to 2099, the average growth rates of extreme heat in China under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios are approximately 0.08, 0.06, and 0.1, respectively. By the century's end, the proportion of wheat-planting regions experiencing high and very high levels (CEHI≥0.4) of extreme heat is projected to increase from 18.0 %, 17.9 %, and 18.4 % to 21.4 %, 25.1 %, and 28.9 % under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios. Among them, RCP8.5 has the highest extreme heat severity on wheat in China, followed by RCP4.5, while RCP2.6 has minimal severity. Under the RCP8.5 scenario, the proportions of very high, high, moderate, low, and very low levels of extreme heat are 3.4 %, 18.5 %, 16.7 %, 14.9 %, and 46.5 %, respectively. Meanwhile, our study also emphasizes that although higher-latitude spring wheat regions will experience a significantly increasing trend in extreme heat, this may not spell long-term damage to wheat. Therefore, with consideration of varied temperature sensitivities across wheat growth stages, our study indicates that CEHI serves as an effective method to comprehensively and scientifically assess extreme heat on wheat. Furthermore, based on the regional and varietal differences in extreme heat under climate change, our study highlights the importance of developing region- and variety-specific policies to ensure the sustainability of wheat.
期刊介绍:
Environmental and Experimental Botany (EEB) publishes research papers on the physical, chemical, biological, molecular mechanisms and processes involved in the responses of plants to their environment.
In addition to research papers, the journal includes review articles. Submission is in agreement with the Editors-in-Chief.
The Journal also publishes special issues which are built by invited guest editors and are related to the main themes of EEB.
The areas covered by the Journal include:
(1) Responses of plants to heavy metals and pollutants
(2) Plant/water interactions (salinity, drought, flooding)
(3) Responses of plants to radiations ranging from UV-B to infrared
(4) Plant/atmosphere relations (ozone, CO2 , temperature)
(5) Global change impacts on plant ecophysiology
(6) Biotic interactions involving environmental factors.