{"title":"Multi-scale moisture diffusion modeling and analysis of carbon/Kevlar-fiber hybrid composite laminates under the hygrothermal aging environment","authors":"Kaijin Guo , Yabin Deng , Yiru Ren , Hongyong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.110952","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hybrid fiber reinforced polymer (HFRP) can have more complex micro moisture diffusion process than single fiber composite, owing to diverse hygroscopic properties of dissimilar fibers. Thus, elucidating the multi-scale moisture diffusion mechanism of HFRP through experimental method becomes a challenging endeavor. To this end, a multi-scale moisture diffusion modeling approach is proposed to investigate the moisture diffusion behavior of carbon/Kevlar HFRP under the hygrothermal aging environment. Leveraging Fick's law as a foundation, a combination of multi-scale moisture diffusion model and finite element method is employed. To validate the effectiveness of model, accelerated aging experiments are conducted on HFRP samples with various stacking sequences. By SEM characterization, the surface aging on aged Kevlar fibers and the debonding of aged fiber/matrix interface are conspicuously observed. Based on this model, the moisture diffusion behaviors in different HFRP configurations are simulated and analyzed to reveal the micro-, meso‑ and macro-scale moisture diffusion and resistance mechanisms. Our findings highlight the profound influence of factors such as fiber type, fiber content, fiber placement, hygroscopic properties of constituents, and their synergistic effects on moisture absorption and saturated moisture absorption rates. Finally, the hygroscopic properties of HFRP laminate with different stacking sequences are predicted by multi-scale model. This work endeavor furnishes valuable insights and guidelines for the design and analysis of moisture-resistant HFRP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 110952"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391024002969","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"POLYMER SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Hybrid fiber reinforced polymer (HFRP) can have more complex micro moisture diffusion process than single fiber composite, owing to diverse hygroscopic properties of dissimilar fibers. Thus, elucidating the multi-scale moisture diffusion mechanism of HFRP through experimental method becomes a challenging endeavor. To this end, a multi-scale moisture diffusion modeling approach is proposed to investigate the moisture diffusion behavior of carbon/Kevlar HFRP under the hygrothermal aging environment. Leveraging Fick's law as a foundation, a combination of multi-scale moisture diffusion model and finite element method is employed. To validate the effectiveness of model, accelerated aging experiments are conducted on HFRP samples with various stacking sequences. By SEM characterization, the surface aging on aged Kevlar fibers and the debonding of aged fiber/matrix interface are conspicuously observed. Based on this model, the moisture diffusion behaviors in different HFRP configurations are simulated and analyzed to reveal the micro-, meso‑ and macro-scale moisture diffusion and resistance mechanisms. Our findings highlight the profound influence of factors such as fiber type, fiber content, fiber placement, hygroscopic properties of constituents, and their synergistic effects on moisture absorption and saturated moisture absorption rates. Finally, the hygroscopic properties of HFRP laminate with different stacking sequences are predicted by multi-scale model. This work endeavor furnishes valuable insights and guidelines for the design and analysis of moisture-resistant HFRP.
期刊介绍：
Polymer Degradation and Stability deals with the degradation reactions and their control which are a major preoccupation of practitioners of the many and diverse aspects of modern polymer technology.
Deteriorative reactions occur during processing, when polymers are subjected to heat, oxygen and mechanical stress, and during the useful life of the materials when oxygen and sunlight are the most important degradative agencies. In more specialised applications, degradation may be induced by high energy radiation, ozone, atmospheric pollutants, mechanical stress, biological action, hydrolysis and many other influences. The mechanisms of these reactions and stabilisation processes must be understood if the technology and application of polymers are to continue to advance. The reporting of investigations of this kind is therefore a major function of this journal.
However there are also new developments in polymer technology in which degradation processes find positive applications. For example, photodegradable plastics are now available, the recycling of polymeric products will become increasingly important, degradation and combustion studies are involved in the definition of the fire hazards which are associated with polymeric materials and the microelectronics industry is vitally dependent upon polymer degradation in the manufacture of its circuitry. Polymer properties may also be improved by processes like curing and grafting, the chemistry of which can be closely related to that which causes physical deterioration in other circumstances.
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