Influence of crop development and fruit retention on the timing of crop maturity in Ultra-narrow row cotton

IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
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Abstract

Ultra-narrow row (UNR) cotton, a production system with rows spaced less than 40 cm apart, has been proposed as a system for earlier maturity without substantial yield loss. However, trials in the U.S.A. and Australia have found maturity benefits difficult to achieve consistently. Studies undertaken in high input cotton systems that compared UNR to conventionally (1 m) spaced cotton found yield differences but failed to demonstrate differences in crop maturity. This paper examines crop development and fruiting dynamics of the two systems in more detail to understand why there were no differences in maturity. Results showed that lack of difference in maturity between the row spacings was not influenced by differences in the time to reach crop development stages nor by lower fruit retention of early bolls in the UNR plants. Node production and fruiting site production on a per plant basis were significantly slower in the UNR plants from early in the growing season. Slower node and fruiting site production delayed maturity in the UNR plants as they set fewer fruit within the same period of time compared to plants grown in conventional spaced rows. The number of fruiting sites produced per plant was highly dependent on the amount of dry matter per plant. Fruiting site production was reduced in the UNR crop because each plant produced less total dry matter, and hence plant development was slower. To further help understand the reasons for outcomes generated in these studies, and how UNR could possibly mature earlier without impacting yield, a conceptual modelling framework was developed to integrate seasonal patterns in fruiting site production, retention, and boll growth. A key component of this framework is translating from a per plant basis to an area basis. The analysis showed that for individual UNR plants to mature earlier and maintain yield on an area basis, early node production and fruiting site production must proceed at a similar rate to conventionally spaced crops. In this scenario 90 % of final yield would be present 14 days earlier in the UNR crop compared to conventionally spaced crops. To realise any benefits of potential earlier maturity further research is needed to explore genetic or management interventions that might avoid the early competitive stress response that slows node development in UNR.

超窄行棉花的作物生长和留果期对作物成熟时间的影响
超窄行(UNR)棉花是一种行距小于 40 厘米的生产系统,已被建议作为一种在不造成大量减产的情况下提早成熟的系统。然而,在美国和澳大利亚进行的试验发现,很难持续获得成熟效益。在高投入棉花系统中进行的研究发现,UNR 与常规(1 米)间距棉花的产量存在差异,但未能证明作物成熟度存在差异。本文更详细地研究了这两种系统的作物生长发育和结实动态,以了解成熟度没有差异的原因。结果表明,行距间成熟度没有差异既不是因为作物发育阶段的时间不同造成的,也不是因为 UNR 植株早期果穗的留果率较低造成的。从生长季节初期开始,UNR 植株的单株节位和果位产量明显较慢。与常规行距种植的植株相比,UNR 植株的节和结果部位生产速度较慢,这推迟了它们的成熟期,因为它们在同一时期内结出的果实较少。每株植物结果部位的数量在很大程度上取决于每株植物的干物质含量。由于每株植物产生的干物质总量较少,因此植株发育较慢,UNR 作物的结果部位产量也随之减少。为了进一步帮助了解这些研究产生结果的原因,以及如何在不影响产量的情况下让 UNR 提前成熟,我们开发了一个概念模型框架,以整合结果部位产量、保留率和果穗生长的季节性模式。该框架的一个关键组成部分是从单株转换为面积。分析表明,要使单株 UNR 提前成熟并保持按面积计算的产量,早期节间生产和结果部位生产必须以与传统间距作物相似的速度进行。在这种情况下,90% 的最终产量将在 UNR 作物中提前 14 天出现。为了实现潜在的提早成熟所带来的任何益处,需要进一步开展研究,探索基因或管理干预措施,以避免出现减缓 UNR 结节发育的早期竞争压力反应。
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来源期刊
Field Crops Research
Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
12.10%
发文量
307
审稿时长
46 days
期刊介绍: Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.
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