Alcohol use disorder, cannabis use disorder, and eating disorder symptoms among male and female college students.

Abstract

Background and objectives: Eating disorders (EDs) and substance use disorders are prevalent among college students in the United States, with underlying common mechanisms suggesting co-occurrence of these in the student population. As treatment prognosis of EDs improves when they are identified and treated with early intervention, it is essential to understand which substance use behaviors associate with EDs in students.

Methods: Using a sample of 471 college students recruited for a study on high risk drinking (i.e., students needed to pregame regularly to be included), we explored the associations between ED symptomatology and two common substances used in this population: alcohol and cannabis. As most research on EDs focuses on female students only or does not separate out males and females, we examined whether sex assigned at birth moderated the association between ED symptomatology and substance use outcomes.

Results: About one-third (32.4%) of the sample screened positive for an ED, with females significantly more likely to screen positive. Males were significantly more likely to screen positive for an alcohol or cannabis use disorder. Screening positive for an ED associated with cannabis use frequency and cannabis use disorder symptoms, but not with alcohol outcomes. Sex moderated the association between ED and cannabis use disorder symptoms, with positive ED screen male students experiencing the highest cannabis use disorder symptoms.

Discussion and conclusions: It is necessary to further assess how sex differences in substance use and ED symptomatology inform each other.

Scientific significance: Findings underscore the need to assess and screen for cannabis use disorder among students who screen positive for an ED, and, more specifically, with focused attention on male students with ED symptoms.