Vicarious heterosexism-based stress induces alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis craving and negative affect among sexual minority young adults: An experimental study

IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES
Ethan H. Mereish , Robert Miranda Jr.
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose

Sexual minority young adults are at increased risk for hazardous drinking and alcohol use disorder compared to heterosexual adults. Heterosexism-based stressors contribute and often explain inequities in alcohol outcomes. However, the extant research primarily relies on correlational designs, and often neglects the importance of alcohol craving, despite its foundational role in addiction. Leveraging a novel experimental mood induction paradigm, this study examined the effects of exposure to vicarious heterosexism-based stress on alcohol craving and negative affect among sexual minority young adults who drink heavily. We also examined its effects on cannabis and nicotine craving among participants who used cannabis and nicotine, respectively. Lastly, we examined moderating factors that could influence the impact of exposure to heterosexism-based stress on alcohol craving.

Methods

Participants were 101 heavy drinking sexual minority young adults, ages 20–35 (M = 26.46 years old; SD = 3.49), recruited from the community (51.5% female sex assigned at birth; 76.3% cisgender; 51.5% plurisexual; and 42.6% racial and ethnic minorities). They completed three mood induction trials counterbalanced over three visits on different days: heterosexism stress, general stress, and neutral. Structured interviews assessed criteria for DSM-5 alcohol use disorder (AUD) and substance use, and self-report measures assessed lifetime traumatic stressors.

Results

Most participants met criteria for past-year AUD (74.7%). Exposure to heterosexism stress produced more negative affect and substance craving than the neutral mood induction, even while controlling for demographic variables and lifetime exposure to traumatic and heterosexism stressors. Exposure to heterosexism-based stress had large effects on alcohol craving among participants who had greater drinking to cope motives and heterosexism-specific rejection sensitivity, whereas the effects were small for those who had lower drinking to cope motives and heterosexism-specific rejection sensitivity. Demographic, lifetime stress, prior alcohol use, and AUD symptom severity variables were not significant moderators. Greater substance craving induced by heterosexism-based stress in the laboratory was associated with greater recent and current substance use.

Conclusions

This study findings show that vicarious exposure to heterosexism elicits negative mood and alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine craving among sexual minority young adults who engaged in heavy drinking. The effects for alcohol craving were largest among those who endorse high levels of drinking to cope motives and heterosexism-based rejection sensitivity. These findings have implications for oppression-based stress and motivational models of addiction.

基于模仿异性恋的压力会诱发性少数群体年轻人对酒精、尼古丁和大麻的渴求以及负面情绪:一项实验研究
目的与异性恋成年人相比,性少数群体的年轻人酗酒和酒精使用障碍的风险更高。基于异性恋主义的压力因素导致了酒精结果的不平等,而且往往可以解释这种不平等。然而,现有的研究主要依赖于相关性设计,往往忽视了酒精渴求的重要性,尽管酒精渴求在成瘾中起着基础性作用。本研究利用一种新颖的实验性情绪诱导范式,考察了暴露于替代性异性恋压力对酗酒的性少数群体年轻人的酒精渴求和负面情绪的影响。我们还研究了它对吸食大麻和尼古丁的参与者的大麻和尼古丁渴求的影响。最后,我们研究了可能影响暴露于异性恋压力对酒精渴求的影响的调节因素。方法参与者是 101 名酗酒的性少数群体年轻人,年龄在 20-35 岁之间(M = 26.46 岁;SD = 3.49),他们是从社区招募来的(51.5% 为出生时性别分配的女性;76.3% 为顺性性别;51.5% 为多性性别;42.6% 为少数种族和少数民族)。他们在不同日期的三次访问中完成了三种情绪诱导试验:异性恋压力、一般压力和中性。结构化访谈评估了 DSM-5 酒精使用障碍(AUD)和药物使用的标准,自我报告测量评估了一生中的创伤性压力源。与中性情绪诱导相比,暴露于异性恋压力会产生更多的负面情绪和药物渴求,即使在控制了人口统计学变量和终生暴露于创伤和异性恋压力源的情况下也是如此。暴露于异性恋压力对饮酒应付动机和异性恋拒绝敏感性较高的参与者的酒精渴求影响较大,而对饮酒应付动机和异性恋拒绝敏感性较低的参与者的影响较小。人口统计学变量、终生压力变量、先前饮酒变量和 AUD 症状严重程度变量都没有显著的调节作用。本研究结果表明,在大量饮酒的性少数群体年轻人中,异性恋主义的替代性暴露会引发负面情绪以及对酒精、大麻和尼古丁的渴求。对酒精渴求的影响在那些赞同高水平饮酒以应对动机和基于异性恋排斥敏感性的人群中最大。这些发现对基于压迫的压力和成瘾动机模型有一定的启示。
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来源期刊
Neurobiology of Stress
Neurobiology of Stress Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biochemistry
CiteScore
9.40
自引率
4.00%
发文量
74
审稿时长
48 days
期刊介绍: Neurobiology of Stress is a multidisciplinary journal for the publication of original research and review articles on basic, translational and clinical research into stress and related disorders. It will focus on the impact of stress on the brain from cellular to behavioral functions and stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders (such as depression, trauma and anxiety). The translation of basic research findings into real-world applications will be a key aim of the journal. Basic, translational and clinical research on the following topics as they relate to stress will be covered: Molecular substrates and cell signaling, Genetics and epigenetics, Stress circuitry, Structural and physiological plasticity, Developmental Aspects, Laboratory models of stress, Neuroinflammation and pathology, Memory and Cognition, Motivational Processes, Fear and Anxiety, Stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders (including depression, PTSD, substance abuse), Neuropsychopharmacology.
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