Contribution of artificial intelligence for understanding animal rabies epidemiology in Morocco: What are the perspectives of an innovative and predictive approaches?

IF 4.1 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Ilham Ahamjik , Ayman Agbani , Mounia Abik , Mounir Khayli , Naima Galzim , Jaouad Berrada , Mohammed Bouslikhane
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Rabies is a major zoonotic disease legally notifiable in Morocco and elsewhere. Given the burden of rabies and its impact on public health, several national control programs have been implemented since 1986, without achieving their expected objectives.

The aim of this study was to design a predictive analysis of rabies in Morocco. The expected outcome was the construction of probabilistic diagrams that can guide actions for the integrated control of this disease, involving all stakeholders, in the country. Such modeling is an essential step in operational epidemiology to optimize expenditure of public funds allocated to the integrated strategy for fighting this disease.

The methodology employed combined the use of geospatial analysis tools (kriging) and artificial intelligence models (Machine Learning). In order to investigate the link between the risk of rabies within a territorial municipality (commune) and its socio-economic situation, the following data were analyzed: (1) health data: reported animal cases of rabies between 2004 and 2021 and data obtained through the ArcGIS kriging tool (Geospatial data); (2) demographic and socio-economic data. We compared several Machine Learning models. Of these, the “Imbalanced-Xgboost” model associated with kriging yielded the best results. After optimizing this model, we mapped our results for better visualization.

The obtained results complement and consolidate previous study in this field with greater accuracy, showing a strong correlation between a commune's socio-economic status, its geographical location and its risk level of rabies. From this, 399 out of the 1546 communes have been identified as high-risk areas, accounting for 25.8% of the total number of communes. Under this risk-based approach, the results of these analyses make it practical to take targeted decisions for rabies prevention and control, as well as canine population control, in a territorial commune according to its risk level. Such an approach allows obvious optimized distribution of financial resources and adaptation of the control actions to be taken.

The study highlights also the importance of using innovative technologies to refine epidemiological approaches and fill gaps in field data. Through this study, we hope to contribute to eradication of rabies in Morocco by providing reliable data and practical recommendations for control actions against rabies.

人工智能对了解摩洛哥动物狂犬病流行病学的贡献:创新预测方法的前景如何?
狂犬病是一种主要的人畜共患疾病,在摩洛哥和其他地方均可依法申报。鉴于狂犬病造成的负担及其对公共卫生的影响,自 1986 年以来已实施了多项国家控制计划,但均未达到预期目标。本研究的目的是对摩洛哥的狂犬病进行预测分析,其预期结果是绘制概率图,为该国涉及所有利益相关方的狂犬病综合控制行动提供指导。这种建模是流行病学操作中的一个重要步骤,可优化分配给该疾病综合防治战略的公共资金的支出。所采用的方法结合使用了地理空间分析工具(克里金法)和人工智能模型(机器学习)。为了研究一个自治市(乡镇)的狂犬病风险与其社会经济状况之间的联系,我们对以下数据进行了分析:(1) 健康数据:2004 年至 2021 年间报告的狂犬病动物病例以及通过 ArcGIS 克里金工具获得的数据(地理空间数据);(2) 人口和社会经济数据。我们比较了几种机器学习模型。其中,与克里金相关的 "不平衡-Xgboost "模型取得了最佳结果。在对该模型进行优化后,我们对结果进行了映射,以便更好地进行可视化。所获得的结果补充和巩固了之前在该领域的研究,并提高了准确性,显示出乡镇的社会经济状况、地理位置和狂犬病风险水平之间存在很强的相关性。由此,1546 个乡镇中有 399 个被确定为高风险地区,占乡镇总数的 25.8%。在这种以风险为基础的方法下,这些分析的结果使得在一个市镇地区根据其风险水平做出有针对性的狂犬病预防和控制以及犬群控制的决定变得切实可行。这项研究还强调了利用创新技术完善流行病学方法和填补实地数据空白的重要性。我们希望通过这项研究,提供可靠的数据和实用的狂犬病控制行动建议,为在摩洛哥根除狂犬病做出贡献。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
One Health
One Health Medicine-Infectious Diseases
CiteScore
8.10
自引率
4.00%
发文量
95
审稿时长
18 weeks
期刊介绍: One Health - a Gold Open Access journal. The mission of One Health is to provide a platform for rapid communication of high quality scientific knowledge on inter- and intra-species pathogen transmission, bringing together leading experts in virology, bacteriology, parasitology, mycology, vectors and vector-borne diseases, tropical health, veterinary sciences, pathology, immunology, food safety, mathematical modelling, epidemiology, public health research and emergency preparedness. As a Gold Open Access journal, a fee is payable on acceptance of the paper. Please see the Guide for Authors for more information. Submissions to the following categories are welcome: Virology, Bacteriology, Parasitology, Mycology, Vectors and vector-borne diseases, Co-infections and co-morbidities, Disease spatial surveillance, Modelling, Tropical Health, Discovery, Ecosystem Health, Public Health.
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