{"title":"Smart hydrogels in Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) applications","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106023","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Laboratory on-chip (LOC) technology facilitates numerous developments across diverse disciplines, such as medicine, tissue engineering, materials science, biomedical engineering, and biotechnology. Moreover, the potential applications appear boundless when LOC is integrated with intelligent hydrogels. In the literature, however, there are few accounts of the vast array of developments and applications that this combination has spawned. These new systems, which integrate smart hydrogels and LOC and thus significantly advance cutting-edge technology, have been thoroughly examined in this review. The functions of smart hydrogels in LOC applications were described and subsequently the developed intelligent hydrogels were classified as multi-responsive, thermo-responsive, pH-responsive, and stimuli-responsive (light, magnetic, and electric). Following this, details regarding tunable properties for LOC functions were provided, followed by a discussion of the fabrication processes and integration of these intelligent hydrogels into LOC systems, including their benefits and drawbacks. Following that, current literature examples of LOC systems utilizing these intelligent hydrogels for biosensing, 3D culture, tissue engineering, controlled release, personalized medicine, drug delivery, analyte enrichment, and organ-on-a-chip applications were presented. Following the presentation of state-of-the-art information regarding smart hydrogel characterization techniques, present challenges and prospective prospects were discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1381514824001986","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, APPLIED","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Laboratory on-chip (LOC) technology facilitates numerous developments across diverse disciplines, such as medicine, tissue engineering, materials science, biomedical engineering, and biotechnology. Moreover, the potential applications appear boundless when LOC is integrated with intelligent hydrogels. In the literature, however, there are few accounts of the vast array of developments and applications that this combination has spawned. These new systems, which integrate smart hydrogels and LOC and thus significantly advance cutting-edge technology, have been thoroughly examined in this review. The functions of smart hydrogels in LOC applications were described and subsequently the developed intelligent hydrogels were classified as multi-responsive, thermo-responsive, pH-responsive, and stimuli-responsive (light, magnetic, and electric). Following this, details regarding tunable properties for LOC functions were provided, followed by a discussion of the fabrication processes and integration of these intelligent hydrogels into LOC systems, including their benefits and drawbacks. Following that, current literature examples of LOC systems utilizing these intelligent hydrogels for biosensing, 3D culture, tissue engineering, controlled release, personalized medicine, drug delivery, analyte enrichment, and organ-on-a-chip applications were presented. Following the presentation of state-of-the-art information regarding smart hydrogel characterization techniques, present challenges and prospective prospects were discussed.
片上实验室(LOC)技术促进了医学、组织工程、材料科学、生物医学工程和生物技术等多个学科的发展。此外,当片上实验室技术与智能水凝胶相结合时,其潜在的应用前景将无可限量。然而,在文献中,很少有关于这种组合所催生的大量开发和应用的描述。本综述深入研究了这些新系统,它们将智能水凝胶和 LOC 融合在一起,从而极大地推动了尖端技术的发展。首先介绍了智能水凝胶在 LOC 应用中的功能,然后将开发的智能水凝胶分为多响应、热响应、pH 响应和刺激响应(光、磁和电)。随后,详细介绍了 LOC 功能的可调特性,接着讨论了这些智能水凝胶的制造工艺和与 LOC 系统的集成,包括其优点和缺点。随后,介绍了利用这些智能水凝胶将 LOC 系统用于生物传感、三维培养、组织工程、控释、个性化医疗、药物输送、分析富集和片上器官应用的最新文献实例。在介绍了有关智能水凝胶表征技术的最新信息后,还讨论了当前的挑战和前景。
期刊介绍:
Reactive & Functional Polymers provides a forum to disseminate original ideas, concepts and developments in the science and technology of polymers with functional groups, which impart specific chemical reactivity or physical, chemical, structural, biological, and pharmacological functionality. The scope covers organic polymers, acting for instance as reagents, catalysts, templates, ion-exchangers, selective sorbents, chelating or antimicrobial agents, drug carriers, sensors, membranes, and hydrogels. This also includes reactive cross-linkable prepolymers and high-performance thermosetting polymers, natural or degradable polymers, conducting polymers, and porous polymers.
Original research articles must contain thorough molecular and material characterization data on synthesis of the above polymers in combination with their applications. Applications include but are not limited to catalysis, water or effluent treatment, separations and recovery, electronics and information storage, energy conversion, encapsulation, or adhesion.