ECMSH: An Energy-efficient and Cost-effective data harvesting protocol for Mobile Sink-based Heterogeneous WSNs using PSO-TVAC

IF 4.4 3区 计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS
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Abstract

Efficient energy consumption is crucial in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Uncontrolled energy usage can lead to the hotspot issue, hindering network lifetime and successful packet delivery. Sink mobility has been suggested as a solution, but it comes with challenges such as high data gathering delay and poor packet reception. These problems stem from the short contact time of nodes with the Mobile Sink (MS). To tackle these issues, we present an MS-based heterogeneous WSN with super and normal nodes. Most previous studies only considered the energy heterogeneity of sensors. These methods also suffered from different issues such as fixed MS tours, including inappropriate criteria in cluster construction, proposing greedy schemes, and employing basic metaheuristic algorithms. In our proposed model, super nodes are richer in initial energy and transmission range than normal sensors. In each round, the nodes are organized into clusters, and the MS visits the Cluster Heads (CHs) to gather data packets. Super nodes, owing to their elevated initial energy, are more adept at executing energy-sensitive tasks compared to normal sensors. Additionally, as CH, super nodes extend the contact time with the MS due to their longer transmission range, delivering more packets. The clusters are constructed using a variant of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), namely PSO-TVAC. We empower this method with effective initialization and decoding methods. Furthermore, we propose a heuristic intra-cluster multi-hop routing algorithm to enhance network lifetime. Our other contribution is to propose an efficient algorithm to determine the time to reconfigure the network, while the other algorithms mainly reconfigure the WSN periodically. Simulation results demonstrate superior performance compared to state-of-the-art algorithms, showcasing lower energy consumption, higher energy efficiency, higher lifetime, reduced packet delivery delay, and higher number of received packets by 30%, 38.2%, four times, 20.6%, and 22.6%, respectively.

ECMSH:利用 PSO-TVAC 为基于移动 Sink 的异构 WSN 制定的高能效、低成本数据采集协议
高效的能源消耗在无线传感器网络(WSN)中至关重要。不加控制地使用能源会导致热点问题,影响网络寿命和数据包的成功传送。有人建议将 Sink 移动作为一种解决方案,但它也带来了数据收集延迟高和数据包接收不佳等挑战。这些问题源于节点与移动 Sink(MS)的接触时间较短。为了解决这些问题,我们提出了一种基于 MS 的超级节点和普通节点的异构 WSN。以前的研究大多只考虑了传感器的能量异质性。这些方法也存在不同的问题,如固定的 MS 行程、在集群构建中采用不恰当的标准、提出贪婪方案以及采用基本的元启发式算法。在我们提出的模型中,超级节点的初始能量和传输距离都比普通传感器丰富。在每一轮中,节点被组织成簇群,MS 访问簇头(CHs)收集数据包。与普通传感器相比,超级节点由于初始能量较高,更善于执行对能量敏感的任务。此外,作为 CH,超级节点由于传输距离更远,可以延长与 MS 的接触时间,从而传送更多数据包。簇的构建采用了粒子群优化(PSO)的一种变体,即 PSO-TVAC。我们通过有效的初始化和解码方法增强了这种方法的能力。此外,我们还提出了一种启发式簇内多跳路由算法,以提高网络寿命。我们的另一个贡献是提出了一种高效算法来确定重新配置网络的时间,而其他算法主要是周期性地重新配置 WSN。仿真结果表明,与最先进的算法相比,该算法性能优越,能耗更低、能效更高、寿命更长、数据包传送延迟更短、接收到的数据包数量更多,分别增加了 30%、38.2%、4 倍、20.6% 和 22.6%。
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来源期刊
Ad Hoc Networks
Ad Hoc Networks 工程技术-电信学
CiteScore
10.20
自引率
4.20%
发文量
131
审稿时长
4.8 months
期刊介绍: The Ad Hoc Networks is an international and archival journal providing a publication vehicle for complete coverage of all topics of interest to those involved in ad hoc and sensor networking areas. The Ad Hoc Networks considers original, high quality and unpublished contributions addressing all aspects of ad hoc and sensor networks. Specific areas of interest include, but are not limited to: Mobile and Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Sensor Networks Wireless Local and Personal Area Networks Home Networks Ad Hoc Networks of Autonomous Intelligent Systems Novel Architectures for Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks Self-organizing Network Architectures and Protocols Transport Layer Protocols Routing protocols (unicast, multicast, geocast, etc.) Media Access Control Techniques Error Control Schemes Power-Aware, Low-Power and Energy-Efficient Designs Synchronization and Scheduling Issues Mobility Management Mobility-Tolerant Communication Protocols Location Tracking and Location-based Services Resource and Information Management Security and Fault-Tolerance Issues Hardware and Software Platforms, Systems, and Testbeds Experimental and Prototype Results Quality-of-Service Issues Cross-Layer Interactions Scalability Issues Performance Analysis and Simulation of Protocols.
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