Aloe vera gel mediated green synthesis of ruthenium nanoparticles and their potential anticancer activity

Tanjila Begum , Sangeeta Agarwal , Pranjal Bhuyan , Jumi Das , Akalesh Kumar Verma , Ankur Guha , Mausumi Ganguly
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Abstract

Metal nanoparticles have a noteworthy future in cancer treatment research because of their smaller size and large active surface area. Though gold, silver, platinum, palladium, copper, zinc, iron and several other metal nanoparticles have been explored for their anticancer potential in different pathways, the main limitation of these particles is their toxicity which may be controlled through their size, surface modification and route of administration. Compared to other metal nanoparticles, ruthenium nanoparticles have high bio compatibility and they exhibit excellent photo-thermal effect. Though there are several reports in the literature on the anticancer potential of ruthenium complexes, ruthenium nanoparticles are not much investigated. In the present work, therefore, an attempt has been made to synthesize ruthenium nanoparticles in an easy and eco-friendly way using Aloe vera gel. Ruthenium chloride was used as a precursor and Aloe vera gel acted both as reducing and capping agent. The synthesized ruthenium nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Visible spectrophotometry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The analyses confirmed the formation of nano globules of Aloe vera gel of diameter in the range 90–300 nm with ruthenium nanoparticles of average size 1.5 nm embedded in them. The synthesized Ru nanoparticles embedded in the nano globules of Aloe vera gel (ALV RuNPs) were explored for their anticancer potential in the Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DL) cell line using Trypan Blue assay. The results of the assay showed that the ALV RuNPs can induce concentration dependent cytotoxicity in DL cancer cells. Approximately 40 % cytotoxicity was obtained for concentration range 5–50 mg/mL of the sample while negligible cytotoxicity was observed for healthy PBMC cells. Theoretical study indicates significant interaction between the components present in Aloe vera and Ru-nanoparticles. The results showed that ruthenium nanoparticles can emerge as a promising bio-compatible candidate with the ability to selectively target cancer cells while sparing normal cells.

芦荟胶介导的钌纳米粒子的绿色合成及其潜在的抗癌活性
金属纳米粒子因其体积小、活性表面积大,在癌症治疗研究中具有值得关注的前景。虽然金、银、铂、钯、铜、锌、铁和其他几种金属纳米粒子在不同的途径中都具有抗癌潜力,但这些粒子的主要局限性在于它们的毒性,而毒性可以通过它们的尺寸、表面改性和给药途径来控制。与其他金属纳米粒子相比,钌纳米粒子具有很高的生物相容性,并表现出卓越的光热效应。虽然文献中有多篇关于钌复合物抗癌潜力的报道,但对钌纳米粒子的研究并不多。因此,本研究尝试使用芦荟胶以简便、环保的方式合成钌纳米粒子。氯化钌被用作前体,芦荟胶既是还原剂又是封盖剂。使用紫外-可见分光光度法、傅立叶变换红外光谱法(FT-IR)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、粉末 X 射线衍射法(PXRD)、动态光散射法(DLS)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)对合成的钌纳米粒子进行了表征。分析结果证实,芦荟凝胶中形成了直径在 90-300 纳米之间的纳米球,球中嵌入了平均尺寸为 1.5 纳米的钌纳米粒子。研究人员利用胰岛素蓝试验,在道尔顿淋巴瘤腹水(DL)细胞系中考察了嵌入芦荟胶纳米球的合成 Ru 纳米粒子(ALV RuNPs)的抗癌潜力。试验结果表明,ALV RuNPs 可诱导 DL 癌细胞产生浓度依赖性细胞毒性。浓度范围为 5-50 mg/mL 的样品可产生约 40% 的细胞毒性,而对健康的 PBMC 细胞产生的细胞毒性可忽略不计。理论研究表明,芦荟中的成分与 Ru 纳米粒子之间存在明显的相互作用。研究结果表明,钌纳米粒子是一种很有前途的生物兼容候选物质,能够有选择性地靶向癌细胞,同时保护正常细胞。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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