Parasite transmission stage abundance varies in lakes over time and space

IF 3.8 1区 地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY
Elizabeth S. Davenport, Marcin K. Dziuba, Logan E. Jacobson, Siobhan K. Calhoun, Kira J. Monell, Meghan A. Duffy
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Abstract

Environmentally transmitted parasites produce transmission stages that can remain viable and infective for extended periods of time in the environment where susceptible hosts may encounter them. Although many parasites have this mode of transmission, the abundance and distribution of environmental transmission stages have largely been overlooked, especially in aquatic habitats. Without empirical data to characterize spatial and temporal dynamics of parasite transmission stages in the environment, we might make incorrect assumptions about host–parasite contact rates. For aquatic environments, seasonal habitat structure driven by thermal stratification has been hypothesized to affect the patchiness of transmission stages within the water column, leading to uneven exposure risk to hosts. In this study, we quantified transmission stage concentrations of five common parasites of Daphnia spp. and Ceriodaphnia dubia at every meter of the water column at the deep basin of six lakes in southeastern Michigan every 2 weeks from June to November 2021. We found that transmission stage concentration varied by orders of magnitude over time and with depth. We investigated several possible drivers of these spatial and temporal patterns. For instance, our results suggest that greater mixing depth decreased transmission stage vertical patchiness within the water column of lakes with lower Fee's p values. However, horizontal spore patchiness across a lake was not correlated with the nearshore–offshore gradient of our study lakes. Overall, the results of our study show that parasite transmission stage concentrations have spatial and temporal dynamics that could affect disease dynamics within highly structured aquatic environments.

Abstract Image

湖泊中寄生虫传播阶段的丰度随时间和空间而变化
环境传播寄生虫产生的传播阶段可在易感宿主可能遇到的环境中长期存活并具有传染性。虽然许多寄生虫都有这种传播方式,但环境传播阶段的数量和分布却在很大程度上被忽视了,尤其是在水生生境中。如果没有经验数据来描述寄生虫在环境中传播阶段的时空动态,我们可能会对宿主与寄生虫的接触率做出错误的假设。在水生环境中,由热分层驱动的季节性生境结构被认为会影响水体中传播阶段的分布,从而导致宿主接触风险的不均衡。在这项研究中,我们从 2021 年 6 月到 11 月,每两周对密歇根州东南部 6 个湖泊深流域每米水体中水蚤属和糠虾蚤的 5 种常见寄生虫的传播阶段浓度进行了量化。我们发现,传播阶段的浓度随时间和深度的变化呈数量级变化。我们研究了这些时空模式的几种可能驱动因素。例如,我们的研究结果表明,混合深度越大,Fee's p 值越低的湖泊水体中的传播阶段垂直分布越少。然而,整个湖泊的水平孢子斑块与我们研究湖泊的近岸-近岸梯度无关。总之,我们的研究结果表明,寄生虫传播阶段的浓度具有时空动态性,可能会影响高度结构化水生环境中的疾病动态。
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来源期刊
Limnology and Oceanography
Limnology and Oceanography 地学-海洋学
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
6.70%
发文量
254
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Limnology and Oceanography (L&O; print ISSN 0024-3590, online ISSN 1939-5590) publishes original articles, including scholarly reviews, about all aspects of limnology and oceanography. The journal''s unifying theme is the understanding of aquatic systems. Submissions are judged on the originality of their data, interpretations, and ideas, and on the degree to which they can be generalized beyond the particular aquatic system examined. Laboratory and modeling studies must demonstrate relevance to field environments; typically this means that they are bolstered by substantial "real-world" data. Few purely theoretical or purely empirical papers are accepted for review.
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