Wall-scaling prevention in cryogenic external cooler of ammonium chloride solution by liquid-solid fluidization

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI:10.1016/j.partic.2024.07.016

Yusu Zhu , Yongli Ma , Mingyan Liu

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Abstract

A double-tube cooler with liquid-solid circulating fluidization operation and corresponding parameter measuring system are developed to avoid fouling of inner walls of heat exchange tubes in a cryogenic temperature external cooler of ammonium chloride solution in soda ash production. Wall-scaling prevention performance of the cooling process is experimentally evaluated using convection and overall coefficients, enhancement factor, wall temperature and fouling resistance. Effects of different volume fractions of added particles, particle size, superficial liquid velocity, and cooling medium temperature on heat transfer are examined. Under present conditions, convection coefficient of liquid-solid flow inside the tube of external cooler is higher than that of the liquid phase flow, increased by 0.7–2.8 times, enhancing cooling performance obviously. Convection coefficient initially increases and then decreases as the volume fraction of added particles increases, reaching its maximum value at a volume fraction of 2.0%. The wall-scaling prevention effect of glass beads mainly depends on the volume fraction of added particles; optimal anti-fouling effects are achieved when adding particles at a volume fraction of 2.0%, regardless of changes in superficial liquid velocity or cooling medium temperature. This study lays a foundation for industrial applications of this new technique of fluidized bed external coolers.

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通过液固流化防止氯化铵溶液低温外冷器的壁结垢

为避免纯碱生产中氯化铵溶液低温外冷却器的热交换管内壁结垢，开发了一种液固循环流化运行的双管冷却器和相应的参数测量系统。利用对流系数和总系数、增强系数、管壁温度和抗结垢性能对冷却过程的防结垢性能进行了实验评估。研究了添加颗粒的不同体积分数、颗粒大小、表层液体速度和冷却介质温度对传热的影响。在现有条件下，外冷器管内液固流的对流系数高于液相流，增加了 0.7-2.8 倍，冷却性能明显提高。随着添加颗粒体积分数的增加，对流系数先增大后减小，在体积分数为 2.0% 时达到最大值。玻璃微珠的防垢效果主要取决于添加颗粒的体积分数；当添加颗粒的体积分数为 2.0% 时，无论表层液体速度或冷却介质温度如何变化，都能达到最佳防垢效果。这项研究为流化床外冷却器这一新技术的工业应用奠定了基础。

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来源期刊

Particuology 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

6.70

自引率

2.90%

发文量

1730

审稿时长

32 days

期刊介绍： The word ‘particuology’ was coined to parallel the discipline for the science and technology of particles. Particuology is an interdisciplinary journal that publishes frontier research articles and critical reviews on the discovery, formulation and engineering of particulate materials, processes and systems. It especially welcomes contributions utilising advanced theoretical, modelling and measurement methods to enable the discovery and creation of new particulate materials, and the manufacturing of functional particulate-based products, such as sensors. Papers are handled by Thematic Editors who oversee contributions from specific subject fields. These fields are classified into: Particle Synthesis and Modification; Particle Characterization and Measurement; Granular Systems and Bulk Solids Technology; Fluidization and Particle-Fluid Systems; Aerosols; and Applications of Particle Technology. Key topics concerning the creation and processing of particulates include: -Modelling and simulation of particle formation, collective behaviour of particles and systems for particle production over a broad spectrum of length scales -Mining of experimental data for particle synthesis and surface properties to facilitate the creation of new materials and processes -Particle design and preparation including controlled response and sensing functionalities in formation, delivery systems and biological systems, etc. -Experimental and computational methods for visualization and analysis of particulate system. These topics are broadly relevant to the production of materials, pharmaceuticals and food, and to the conversion of energy resources to fuels and protection of the environment.