Analysis of a large buried impact crater and vertical mineral composition at the Chang'E-4 landing site by multi-source remote sensing data

IF 2.5 2区 物理与天体物理 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
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Abstract

Exploring the concealed subsurface structures and materials beneath the lunar surface can reveal significant insights into geological history. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the stratigraphic interpretation and subsurface material composition at the Chang'E-4 landing site, integrating both in-situ and orbital radar with multispectral datasets. We report the identification of a subsurface structure, which resembles a buried impact crater (∼420 m in diameter) under the Yutu-2 rover's path. This crater could degrade over a period of 0.42 to 0.53 Ga, with an initial diameter of 293 to 323 m and an initial depth of 45.9 to 51.4 m. Surface material above the buried crater, evaluated by the in-situ visible and near-infrared imaging spectrometer (VNIS) detector, shows a higher abundance of clinopyroxene compared to surrounding areas, where a near-equal mix of clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene is observed. Assessment of crater diameters in proximity to the Chang'E-4 landing site, along with the mineral compositions at their epicenters, reveals a decrease in the abundance of clinopyroxene and plagioclase with depth. Conversely, the quantities of orthopyroxene and olivine increase, implying that orthopyroxene-rich Finsen ejecta significantly influenced the Chang'E-4 landing site's geological composition. Two potential stratigraphic boundary depths are identified at 13.5 and 22 m, based on pronounced variations in mineral abundance, offering fresh insights into subsurface delineation beyond radar data. Considering the VNIS and vertical mineral composition, we propose the buried crater's formation resulted from Finsen crater's ejecta. Also, we identify eight potential historical impacts by comparing subsurface relief variations with mineral composition ratios between clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene. The integration of subsurface structure, along with surface and subsurface mineral composition, enables a more robust stratigraphic interpretation, facilitates shallow material source analysis, and allows for historical impact tracing.

利用多源遥感数据分析嫦娥四号着陆点的大型掩埋撞击坑和垂直矿物成分
探索月球表面下隐藏的次表层结构和物质可以揭示地质历史的重要信息。本研究结合原位和轨道雷达以及多光谱数据集,对嫦娥四号着陆点的地层解释和地表下物质组成进行了全面分析。我们报告了在 "玉兔二号 "探测器路径下发现的一个地表下结构,它类似于一个被掩埋的撞击坑(直径∼420 米)。经原位可见光和近红外成像光谱仪(VNIS)探测器评估,掩埋陨石坑上方的地表物质显示出较高的挛辉石含量,而周边地区的挛辉石和正长石含量几乎相等。对嫦娥四号着陆点附近陨石坑直径及其震源处矿物成分的评估显示,随着深度的增加,霞石和斜长石的丰度有所下降。相反,正长石和橄榄石的数量却有所增加,这意味着富含正长石的芬森喷出物对嫦娥四号着陆点的地质组成产生了重大影响。根据矿物丰度的明显变化,在 13.5 米和 22 米处确定了两个潜在的地层边界深度,为雷达数据之外的次表层划分提供了新的见解。考虑到 VNIS 和垂直矿物成分,我们认为掩埋陨石坑的形成源于芬森陨石坑的喷出物。此外,我们还通过比较次表层地形变化与霞石和正长石之间的矿物成分比,确定了八种潜在的历史撞击。将次表层结构与地表和次表层矿物成分结合起来,可以进行更可靠的地层解释,促进浅层物质来源分析,并进行历史撞击追踪。
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来源期刊
Icarus
Icarus 地学天文-天文与天体物理
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
18.80%
发文量
356
审稿时长
2-4 weeks
期刊介绍: Icarus is devoted to the publication of original contributions in the field of Solar System studies. Manuscripts reporting the results of new research - observational, experimental, or theoretical - concerning the astronomy, geology, meteorology, physics, chemistry, biology, and other scientific aspects of our Solar System or extrasolar systems are welcome. The journal generally does not publish papers devoted exclusively to the Sun, the Earth, celestial mechanics, meteoritics, or astrophysics. Icarus does not publish papers that provide "improved" versions of Bode''s law, or other numerical relations, without a sound physical basis. Icarus does not publish meeting announcements or general notices. Reviews, historical papers, and manuscripts describing spacecraft instrumentation may be considered, but only with prior approval of the editor. An entire issue of the journal is occasionally devoted to a single subject, usually arising from a conference on the same topic. The language of publication is English. American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these.
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