Solid electrolytes based on i-carrageenan and different ionic liquids for sustainable electrochromic devices

IF 8.6 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS
R. Polícia , J.P. Serra , Francisco Javier del Campo , J.L. Vilas-Vilela , D.M. Correia , Carlos M. Costa , Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
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Abstract

The increase in electronic waste (e-waste) is a significant global concern due to fast technological development in which products rapidly become obsolete. To mitigate this problem in the field of electrochromic devices, four different types of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) were developed based on iota-carrageenan, a water-soluble biopolymer, and 40 wt% concentration of different ionic liquids (ILs): 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium thiocyanate ([BMIM][SCN]), 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium thiocyanate ([EMIM][SCN]), 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium dicyanamide ([BMIM][N(CN)2)]), and 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium dicyanamide ([EMIM][N(CN)2)]). The resulting composites present a uniform and compact morphology, with a good distribution of the ILs within the polymer matrix, thermal stability up to ∼100 °C, and suitable mechanical properties. Their ionic conductivity at room temperature is in the range of ∼10−4 S.cm−1 in the solid state and around ∼10−3 S.cm−1 in the liquid state. Each of the developed electrolytes was integrated on a printed electrochromic device (ECD) fabricated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as a working electrode and their performance was evaluated using spectroelectrochemical techniques. All four ECDs operate at voltages between -1 V and 1 V, providing coloration efficiencies between 253 and 571 cm2.C−1 for the oxidation process and between −435 and − 847 cm2.C−1 for the reduction process at 98% full contrast, and presenting switching times between the bleached and colored states around 3.2–4.8 s at 98% full contrast. These low-cost SPEs provide a suitable approach for the development of high-performance sustainable ECDs.

Abstract Image

基于卡拉胶和不同离子液体的固体电解质用于可持续电致变色设备
由于技术的快速发展,产品很快就会被淘汰,电子垃圾(e-waste)的增加是全球关注的一个重要问题。为了缓解电致变色设备领域的这一问题,我们开发了四种不同类型的固体聚合物电解质(SPEs),分别基于水溶性生物聚合物 iota-carrageenan 和 40 wt% 浓度的不同离子液体(ILs):1-丁基-3-甲基-咪唑鎓硫氰酸盐([BMIM][SCN])、1-乙基-3-甲基-咪唑鎓硫氰酸盐([EMIM][SCN])、1-丁基-3-甲基-咪唑鎓二氰胺([BMIM][N(CN)2)])和 1-乙基-3-甲基-咪唑鎓二氰胺([EMIM][N(CN)2)])。所制备的复合材料形态均匀紧凑,IL 在聚合物基体中分布良好,热稳定性高达 ∼ 100 °C,并具有合适的机械性能。它们在室温下的固态离子电导率为 ∼10-4 S.cm-1,液态离子电导率约为∼10-3 S.cm-1。所开发的每种电解质都被集成到了以聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PEDOT:PSS)为工作电极的印刷型电致变色器件(ECD)上,并利用光谱电化学技术对其性能进行了评估。所有四种 ECD 的工作电压都在 -1 V 和 1 V 之间,在 98% 的完全对比度下,氧化过程的着色效率在 253 和 571 cm2.C-1 之间,还原过程的着色效率在 -435 和 -847 cm2.C-1 之间,在 98% 的完全对比度下,漂白状态和着色状态之间的切换时间约为 3.2-4.8 s。这些低成本的固相萃取剂为开发高性能的可持续 ECD 提供了合适的方法。
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来源期刊
Sustainable Materials and Technologies
Sustainable Materials and Technologies Energy-Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
CiteScore
13.40
自引率
4.20%
发文量
158
审稿时长
45 days
期刊介绍: Sustainable Materials and Technologies (SM&T), an international, cross-disciplinary, fully open access journal published by Elsevier, focuses on original full-length research articles and reviews. It covers applied or fundamental science of nano-, micro-, meso-, and macro-scale aspects of materials and technologies for sustainable development. SM&T gives special attention to contributions that bridge the knowledge gap between materials and system designs.
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