Beyond defence: Immune architects of ovarian health and disease.

IF 7.9 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY
Maria Victoria Bazzano, Angela Köninger, Maria Emilia Solano
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Abstract

Throughout the individual's reproductive period of life the ovary undergoes continues changes, including cyclic processes of cell death, tissue regeneration, proliferation, and vascularization. Tissue-resident leucocytes particularly macrophages, play a crucial role in shaping ovarian function and maintaining homeostasis. Macrophages crucially promote angiogenesis in the follicles and corpora lutea, thereby supporting steroidogenesis. Recent research on macrophage origins and early tissue seeding has unveiled significant insights into their role in early organogenesis, e.g. in the testis. Here, we review evidence about the prenatal ovarian seeding of leucocytes, primarily macrophages with angiogenic profiles, and its connection to gametogenesis. In the prenatal ovary, germ cells proliferate, form cysts, and undergo changes that, following waves of apoptosis, give rice to the oocytes contained in primordial follicles. These follicles constitute the ovarian reserve that lasts throughout the female's reproductive life. Simultaneously, yolk-sac-derived primitive macrophages colonizing the early ovary are gradually replaced or outnumbered by monocyte-derived fetal macrophages. However, the cues indicating how macrophage colonization and follicle assembly are related are elusive. Macrophages may contribute to organogenesis by promoting early vasculogenesis. Whether macrophages contribute to ovarian lymphangiogenesis or innervation is still unknown. Ovarian organogenesis and gametogenesis are vulnerable to prenatal insults, potentially programming dysfunction in later life, as observed in polycystic ovary syndrome. Experimental and, more sparsely, epidemiological evidence suggest that adverse stimuli during pregnancy can program defective folliculogenesis or a diminished follicle reserve in the offspring. While the ovary is highly sensitive to inflammation, the involvement of local immune responses in programming ovarian health and disease remains to be thoroughly investigated.

Abstract Image

超越防御:卵巢健康与疾病的免疫建筑师。
在人一生的生殖期,卵巢会不断发生变化,包括细胞死亡、组织再生、增殖和血管化等循环过程。组织驻留的白细胞,尤其是巨噬细胞,在塑造卵巢功能和维持卵巢平衡方面发挥着至关重要的作用。巨噬细胞能促进卵泡和黄体的血管生成,从而支持类固醇的生成。最近关于巨噬细胞起源和早期组织播种的研究揭示了巨噬细胞在早期器官生成(如睾丸)中的重要作用。在此,我们回顾了有关产前卵巢白细胞(主要是具有血管生成特征的巨噬细胞)播种的证据及其与配子生成的联系。在出生前的卵巢中,生殖细胞会增殖、形成囊肿并发生变化,经过一轮又一轮的凋亡后,原始卵泡中的卵母细胞就诞生了。这些卵泡构成了女性整个生育期的卵巢储备。与此同时,定植于早期卵巢的卵黄囊衍生原始巨噬细胞逐渐被单核细胞衍生的胎儿巨噬细胞所取代或超过。然而,表明巨噬细胞定植与卵泡组装之间关系的线索尚不明确。巨噬细胞可能通过促进早期血管生成来促进器官生成。巨噬细胞是否有助于卵巢淋巴管生成或神经支配仍是未知数。卵巢器官生成和配子生成容易受到产前损伤的影响,可能导致日后的功能障碍,如多囊卵巢综合征中观察到的情况。实验证据和较少的流行病学证据表明,孕期的不良刺激可导致卵泡生成缺陷或后代卵泡储备减少。虽然卵巢对炎症高度敏感,但局部免疫反应对卵巢健康和疾病的影响仍有待深入研究。
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来源期刊
Seminars in Immunopathology
Seminars in Immunopathology 医学-病理学
CiteScore
19.80
自引率
2.20%
发文量
69
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: The aim of Seminars in Immunopathology is to bring clinicians and pathologists up-to-date on developments in the field of immunopathology.For this purpose topical issues will be organized usually with the help of a guest editor.Recent developments are summarized in review articles by authors who have personally contributed to the specific topic.
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