Modeling Air Pollution-Related Health Benefits of Transportation Scenarios: A Collaboration Between Academic Researchers and Environmental Justice Organizations

Christopher Rick, Kim Gaddy, Sharon Lewis, Mark Mitchell, Sofia Owen, Queen Shabazz, Laura Chu Wiens, Jay Stange, Cheryl Little, Erica Ellis, Calvin Arter, Patrick Kinney, Jonathan I. Levy, Frederica Perera, Katy Coomes, Kathleen Lau, Laura Buckley, Matthew Raifman, Dinesch C, Sarav Arunachalam, Jonathan Buonocore
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Abstract

Transportation is a leading contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and has become a focus for climate policies. Traffic-related air pollution disproportionately affects environmental justice (EJ) communities—neighborhoods that have disproportionate exposure to environmental hazards, but health impact assessments rarely center EJ issues or prioritize the concerns of EJ communities. One explanation for the lack of focus on EJ communities is that both policymakers and academia have often failed to engage these communities. In this paper, academic researchers collaborate with seven EJ organizations in the northeastern US, working with collaboration advisors and facilitators, to design and evaluate potential transportation emissions reduction scenarios using air quality and health benefits modeling tools. We model and estimate the benefits of these scenarios, while working to build collaborative relationships between academic researchers and EJ organizations. The two primary outputs from this process are: quantification of health benefits attributable to emission reduction scenarios of interest to EJ organizations, and enhanced trust and community building between academic researchers and EJ organizations, with reflections on strengths, challenges, and opportunities for future work. We find the largest improvements to health result from scenarios that reduce car and truck traffic. Dialog between academic researchers and EJ organizations reinforce the disconnect between regional-scale models and local community concerns as well as the more general gaps between statistical models and lived experience. Despite these challenges, the collaboration led to more meaningful models and valued insight for community organizations, and we recommend comparable collaborations in other settings where pollution control is being planned and evaluated in EJ communities.

模拟交通方案与空气污染相关的健康益处:学术研究人员与环境正义组织之间的合作
交通是温室气体排放的主要来源,已成为气候政策的重点。与交通相关的空气污染对环境正义(EJ)社区的影响尤为严重--这些社区暴露于环境危害的比例过高,但健康影响评估却很少将环境正义问题作为中心,或将环境正义社区的关切作为优先事项。对 EJ 社区缺乏关注的一种解释是,政策制定者和学术界往往未能让这些社区参与进来。在本文中,学术研究人员与美国东北部的七个 EJ 组织合作,与合作顾问和促进者一起,使用空气质量和健康效益建模工具设计和评估潜在的交通减排方案。我们对这些方案的效益进行建模和估算,同时努力在学术研究人员和环境正义组织之间建立合作关系。这一过程的两个主要成果是:量化了环境正义组织感兴趣的减排方案所带来的健康益处;增强了学术研究人员和环境正义组织之间的信任和社区建设,并对未来工作的优势、挑战和机遇进行了反思。我们发现,减少汽车和卡车交通的方案对健康的改善最大。学术研究人员与环境正义组织之间的对话加强了区域规模模型与当地社区关注点之间的脱节,以及统计模型与生活经验之间更普遍的差距。尽管存在这些挑战,但此次合作为社区组织带来了更有意义的模型和有价值的见解,我们建议在其他环境中开展类似的合作,以规划和评估 EJ 社区的污染控制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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