Development and evaluation of public-supply community water service area boundaries for the conterminous United States

IF 2.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
Cheryl A. Buchwald, Natalie A. Houston, Jana S. Stewart, Ayman H. Alzraiee, Richard G. Niswonger, Joshua D. Larsen
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Abstract

The water service area dataset, derived from the National Boundary Dataset for public-supply water systems in the United States, offers a detailed resolution surpassing county-level assessments, emphasizing water-centric land use. Crucial for linking populations and infrastructure to system withdrawals, it supports the creation of a national public-supply water-use model, enhancing accuracy in estimating water use and distinguishing between publicly supplied and self-supplied domestic water use. Integrating tabular water system data strengthens the national water-use model by enabling tracking of withdrawal locations, source water, and water quality. Evaluated against U.S. Census-derived population datasets, 16 state-provided water service area datasets, and two national land use datasets, the study covers 22,849 community water systems, excluding most small systems serving fewer than 1000 people. Robust correlations between water service areas (WSAs) and satellite-sourced urban and exurban land use types facilitate tracking changes over time. A comparison of state and national datasets for population and WSAs reveals discrepancies ranging from 5% to 73% in state-level populations and 0% to 167% in state-level WSAs. Significant differences can be attributed to the exclusion of sizable incorporated and unincorporated areas in the state-based datasets. Additional comparisons of major metropolitan areas exhibit differences ranging from 2% to 56%.

Abstract Image

美国本土公共供水社区供水服务区边界的开发与评估
供水服务区数据集来自美国公共供水系统的国家边界数据集,其详细分辨率超过县级评估,强调以水为中心的土地利用。该数据对于将人口和基础设施与系统取水量联系起来至关重要,它支持创建一个国家公共供水用水模型,提高用水估算的准确性,并区分公共供水和自供生活用水。通过跟踪取水地点、水源水和水质,整合表格化的供水系统数据加强了国家用水模型。该研究根据美国人口普查得出的人口数据集、16 个州提供的供水服务区域数据集和两个国家土地利用数据集进行评估,涵盖了 22849 个社区供水系统,其中不包括大多数服务人口少于 1000 人的小型供水系统。供水服务区 (WSA) 与卫星来源的城市和郊区土地利用类型之间的强相关性有助于跟踪随时间推移发生的变化。通过比较各州和国家的人口数据集和 WSAs 数据集,可以发现各州人口数据集和 WSAs 数据集之间存在 5% 到 73% 的差异,而各州 WSAs 数据集和 WSAs 数据集之间存在 0% 到 167% 的差异。重大差异可归因于基于州的数据集中排除了相当大的建制区和未建制区。其他主要大都市地区的比较显示出 2% 至 56% 的差异。
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来源期刊
Journal of The American Water Resources Association
Journal of The American Water Resources Association 环境科学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
12.50%
发文量
100
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: JAWRA seeks to be the preeminent scholarly publication on multidisciplinary water resources issues. JAWRA papers present ideas derived from multiple disciplines woven together to give insight into a critical water issue, or are based primarily upon a single discipline with important applications to other disciplines. Papers often cover the topics of recent AWRA conferences such as riparian ecology, geographic information systems, adaptive management, and water policy. JAWRA authors present work within their disciplinary fields to a broader audience. Our Associate Editors and reviewers reflect this diversity to ensure a knowledgeable and fair review of a broad range of topics. We particularly encourage submissions of papers which impart a ''take home message'' our readers can use.
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