Navigation in the dark: early behavioural adaptation of Europe's only native cave fish

IF 2.3 2区 生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Yvonne Kleinschmidt , Albert Ros , Jasminca Behrmann-Godel , Alexander Brinker
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Abstract

This study analyses behavioural adaptations in a recently discovered European cave fish. Navigation in standardized labyrinth conditions was compared between this cave fish, its epigean ancestor, the European stone loach, Barbatula barbatula, and hybrid specimens. Loach behaviour was tracked and recorded using an infrared camera. In open field tests, in both dark and light conditions, cave loaches showed reduced thigmotaxis compared to the other two groups. Hybrid loaches generally showed strong avoidance of the open field, whereas epigean loaches avoided the open field more in light than in dark conditions. Other tests were performed in darkness only. Cave loaches showed more consistent lateralization in turning behaviour during exploration of the Y-maze than the other two groups, indicating a search strategy optimized for nonvisual navigation. In all groups, complex maze learning was evident in the first half of the 15 trials, with a reduction in latency of departure from the starting chamber, and in both time and track length to reach the food chamber. However, cave loaches were far more successful in finding food than were epigean loaches and hybrid loaches. When the path to the food chamber was altered, epigean loaches generally responded by changing their route, whereas cave loaches tended to continue following a previously learned path and hybrid loaches exhibited intermediate behaviours. In conclusion, the enhanced ability of cave loaches to navigating labyrinths in the dark compared to their epigean ancestor suggests the evolution of behavioural traits that optimize survival in caves.

黑暗中的导航:欧洲唯一原生洞穴鱼类的早期行为适应性
本研究分析了最近发现的一种欧洲洞穴鱼的行为适应性。该研究比较了这种洞穴鱼、其祖先欧洲石鳅(Barbatula barbatula)和杂交标本在标准化迷宫条件下的导航能力。使用红外相机对泥鳅的行为进行了跟踪和记录。在黑暗和光照条件下进行的野外测试中,洞穴泥鳅与其他两组泥鳅相比表现出较低的趋避性。杂交泥鳅通常表现出强烈的避开空地的行为,而表型泥鳅在光照条件下比在黑暗条件下更多地避开空地。其他测试仅在黑暗条件下进行。与其他两组泥鳅相比,洞穴泥鳅在探索 Y 型迷宫时的转向行为表现出更一致的侧向性,这表明其搜索策略是为非视觉导航而优化的。在所有组别中,复杂迷宫学习在15次试验的前半部分都很明显,离开起始室的潜伏期以及到达食物室的时间和路径长度都有所缩短。然而,穴居泥鳅在寻找食物方面的成功率远高于表型泥鳅和杂交泥鳅。当通往食物室的路径被改变时,表型泥鳅通常会通过改变路径来做出反应,而洞穴泥鳅则倾向于继续沿着先前学习的路径前进,杂交泥鳅则表现出中间行为。总之,穴居泥鳅在黑暗中穿越迷宫的能力比其外显祖先更强,这表明其行为特征的进化能够优化其在洞穴中的生存。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Animal Behaviour
Animal Behaviour 生物-动物学
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
8.00%
发文量
236
审稿时长
10.2 weeks
期刊介绍: Growing interest in behavioural biology and the international reputation of Animal Behaviour prompted an expansion to monthly publication in 1989. Animal Behaviour continues to be the journal of choice for biologists, ethologists, psychologists, physiologists, and veterinarians with an interest in the subject.
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