Investigating the effects of ICT evolution and the COVID-19 pandemic on the spatio-temporal fragmentation of work activities

IF 6.3 1区 工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS
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Abstract

The evolution of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has transformed how, where, and when work activities are performed. Additionally, the work-from-home (WFH) culture has gained traction as a public health strategy to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus in the past years. Hence, ICTs and the COVID-19 pandemic might have influenced spatial and temporal fragmentation of activities (dismantlement into multiple subtasks and episodes) and changed activity-travel behaviour. In this context, this study investigates the effects of the ICT evolution along with the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the spatio-temporal fragmentation of work activities. Data from the American Time Use Survey from 2003 to 2020 is used to jointly estimate a multiple discrete–continuous probit and multivariate hurdle count model (MDCP-MC). Spatio-temporal fragmentation effects are evaluated considering work activities in three location categories: (1) workplace, (2) home, and (3) other places. Among the study’s main results, first, we observe that ICT evolution led to an increase in the spatial fragmentation of work, as time allocated to work activities in the workplace was transferred into WFH and work from other places. Second, during the COVID-19 pandemic, decreased spatial fragmentation was observed due to stay-at-home social distancing measures. However, temporal fragmentation of work was intensified during the pandemic, especially when individuals worked from home. Finally, workers are found to fragment work differently depending on their socio-demographic characteristics. Specifically, income levels are associated with spatial work fragmentation driven by ICTs, while COVID-19-induced temporal work fragmentation is influenced by occupations and employment characteristics.

调查信息和通信技术的发展以及 COVID-19 大流行对工作活动时空碎片化的影响
信息和通信技术(ICTs)的发展改变了人们开展工作活动的方式、地点和时间。此外,在过去几年中,在家工作(WFH)文化作为一种减少 COVID-19 病毒传播的公共卫生战略,也得到了越来越多的关注。因此,信息和通信技术以及 COVID-19 的流行可能会影响活动的空间和时间碎片化(分解为多个子任务和事件),并改变活动-旅行行为。在此背景下,本研究探讨了信息和通信技术的发展以及 COVID-19 大流行对工作活动时空碎片化的影响。本研究利用 2003 年至 2020 年美国时间使用调查的数据,联合估计了多重离散-连续概率模型和多元障碍计数模型(MDCP-MC)。考虑到三类地点的工作活动:(1)工作场所、(2)家庭和(3)其他地点,对时空碎片效应进行了评估。在研究的主要结果中,首先,我们发现信息和通信技术的发展导致工作空间碎片化的增加,因为分配给工作场所工作活动的时间被转移到了全职家庭和其他地方的工作中。其次,在 COVID-19 大流行期间,由于采取了在家工作的社会隔离措施,空间碎片化现象有所减少。然而,在大流行病期间,工作的时间碎片化加剧,尤其是当个人在家工作时。最后,研究发现,工人的社会人口特征不同,其工作碎片化程度也不同。具体来说,收入水平与信息和通信技术驱动的空间工作碎片化有关,而 COVID-19 引发的时间工作碎片化则受职业和就业特征的影响。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
13.20
自引率
7.80%
发文量
257
审稿时长
9.8 months
期刊介绍: Transportation Research: Part A contains papers of general interest in all passenger and freight transportation modes: policy analysis, formulation and evaluation; planning; interaction with the political, socioeconomic and physical environment; design, management and evaluation of transportation systems. Topics are approached from any discipline or perspective: economics, engineering, sociology, psychology, etc. Case studies, survey and expository papers are included, as are articles which contribute to unification of the field, or to an understanding of the comparative aspects of different systems. Papers which assess the scope for technological innovation within a social or political framework are also published. The journal is international, and places equal emphasis on the problems of industrialized and non-industrialized regions. Part A''s aims and scope are complementary to Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Part C: Emerging Technologies and Part D: Transport and Environment. Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review. Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. The complete set forms the most cohesive and comprehensive reference of current research in transportation science.
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