3D Hierarchical Micro/Nanostructures for Sodium-Based Battery Anode Materials

IF 14 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Lihong Xu, Yangjie Liu, Xiang Hu, Yongmin Wu, Zhenhai Wen* and Jinghong Li*, 
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Abstract

To meet the increasing energy demand, the development of rechargeable batteries holds immense potential to extend the limitations of electrochemical performance in energy storage devices and enhances the economic efficiency of the energy storage market. Sodium-based batteries have gained tremendous attention in recent years as a potential alternative to reduce the supply risks concerned with lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to the cost-effectiveness and abundance of sodium resources in earth. However, it is still limited by the large ionic radius of Na+ and heavy sodium atoms, which lead to a short cycle life and low energy/power density caused by the sluggish reaction kinetics. A pivotal factor in propelling the commercialization of sodium-based batteries lies in the exploration of advanced anode materials that ideally offer increased mass loading, superior energy/power density, and enhanced conductivity. Three-dimensional hierarchical micro/nanostructured (3D-HMNs) materials have achieved significant research interest since they have played a crucial role in improving the performance of sodium-based cells. They have numerous active sites, versatile functionalization, and favorable transport distances for mass/electron, as well as superior electrochemical performances, which are correlated with the nature of structures and composition.

In this Account, we mainly provide an overview of our recent research advancements in the utilization of 3D-HMN anode materials in various sodium-based rechargeable batteries, shedding light on the relationship between structure and performance. We commence by presenting tailored synthetic methodologies for creating 3D-HMNs, which encompass template-assisted strategies (hard template, soft template, self-sacrificing template, etc.), electrospinning methods, and 3D printing technologies. Here, the process, structure, advantages/disadvantages of the three synthetic strategies for preparing 3D-HMNs are detailed. Our emphasis is placed on the resulting superstructures, which range from nanoflowers, cuboid-like structures, nanosheets, and nanowires to hierarchical fiber arrangements. We then illustrate the essential advantages made with these materials in a range of sodium-based batteries, covering conventional sodium ion batteries (SIBs), sodium-chalcogen (Na–S, Na–Se, Na–Te) batteries, sodium-based dual-ion batteries (SDIBs), and the corresponding sodium ion hybrid capacitors (SIHCs). The applications of 3D-HMNs in all the sodium-based battery systems are comprehensively discussed, including rational structural design and optimization, microscopic electronic properties, and electrochemical performance. Lastly, we outline the challenges ahead in our endeavor, potential solutions, and future research directions to enhance the performance of 3D-HMNs in sodium-based batteries. It is hoped that this Account will provide some valuable guidelines for rational anode materials design, balancing excellent capacity and fast ion transport, and meanwhile advance the development of sodium energy storage.

Abstract Image

钠基电池负极材料的三维分层微/纳米结构
为满足日益增长的能源需求,可充电电池的发展潜力巨大,不仅能拓展储能设备电化学性能的局限性,还能提高储能市场的经济效益。近年来,钠基电池作为降低锂离子电池(LIB)供应风险的潜在替代品,因其成本效益高和地球上丰富的钠资源而备受关注。然而,钠电池仍然受到 Na+ 离子半径大和重钠离子原子的限制,反应动力学迟缓导致循环寿命短和能量/功率密度低。推动钠基电池商业化的关键因素在于探索先进的负极材料,这些材料最好能提高质量负荷、能量/功率密度和导电性。三维分层微/纳米结构(3D-HMNs)材料在提高钠基电池性能方面发挥了至关重要的作用,因此备受研究关注。它们具有众多活性位点、多功能化、有利的质量/电子传输距离,以及优越的电化学性能,这些都与结构和组成的性质相关。在本报告中,我们主要概述了我们最近在各种钠基充电电池中利用三维-HMN 负极材料方面取得的研究进展,阐明了结构与性能之间的关系。我们首先介绍了创建三维-HMN 的定制合成方法,其中包括模板辅助策略(硬模板、软模板、自牺牲模板等)、电纺丝方法和三维打印技术。在此,我们将详细介绍制备 3D-HMNs 的三种合成策略的过程、结构和优缺点。我们的重点是由此产生的上层结构,其范围从纳米花、类立方体结构、纳米片、纳米线到分层纤维排列。然后,我们说明了这些材料在一系列钠基电池中的基本优势,包括传统钠离子电池 (SIB)、钠钙原(Na-S、Na-Se、Na-Te)电池、钠基双离子电池 (SDIB) 以及相应的钠离子混合电容器 (SIHC)。我们全面讨论了三维-HMNs 在所有钠基电池系统中的应用,包括合理的结构设计和优化、微观电子特性和电化学性能。最后,我们概述了在钠基电池中提高三维-HMNs 性能所面临的挑战、潜在的解决方案和未来的研究方向。希望本开户绑定手机领体验金能为合理设计正极材料、平衡优异容量和快速离子传输提供一些有价值的指导,同时推动钠储能的发展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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CiteScore
17.70
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