Recent advances in magnetic solid catalysts: Synthesis, stabilization and application in cleaner production of biodiesel

IF 8 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS
{"title":"Recent advances in magnetic solid catalysts: Synthesis, stabilization and application in cleaner production of biodiesel","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100318","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biodiesel is generally obtained by transesterification and esterification of appropriate feedstocks facilitated by a catalyst. It has emerged to be one of the most potential alternatives for the conventional fuels gaining worldwide attention. Heterogeneous catalysts are usually preferred than homogeneous for biodiesel synthesis due to facile separation and insignificant soap formation. However, the separation still possesses difficulty leading to mass transfer hindrance. Therefore, these catalysts can be further modified using magnetic separation techniques to develop magnetically separable catalysts. The magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are notable appealing catalysts due to huge surface area, high activity, amicable functional groups and structures, adaptable properties, conformity in pore size, and facile separation have made them desirable catalyst carriers for biodiesel synthesis. The MNPs are modified via functionalization to construct magnetically recoverable heterogeneous nanocatalysts. Magnetic catalysts can be utilized as a befitting option for biodiesel synthesis as these are environmentally benign, highly reusable and economically viable. The current review article discusses different magnetic solid catalysts such as magnetic base, acid, biocatalysts and bifunctional of acid base catalysts for efficient biodiesel synthesis. The prime focus of this paper rest on the catalytic performances of various magnetically recoverable catalysts, mechanisms and recyclability for biodiesel production processes. The synthesis methods of magnetic heterogeneous base and acid nanocatalysts, magnetic properties, functionalization and their reciprocity on the catalytic activity are reviewed in this article.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93548,"journal":{"name":"Energy nexus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427124000494/pdfft?md5=47d7a5d673645f9a7debf85e8afa9b29&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427124000494-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Energy nexus","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427124000494","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENERGY & FUELS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Biodiesel is generally obtained by transesterification and esterification of appropriate feedstocks facilitated by a catalyst. It has emerged to be one of the most potential alternatives for the conventional fuels gaining worldwide attention. Heterogeneous catalysts are usually preferred than homogeneous for biodiesel synthesis due to facile separation and insignificant soap formation. However, the separation still possesses difficulty leading to mass transfer hindrance. Therefore, these catalysts can be further modified using magnetic separation techniques to develop magnetically separable catalysts. The magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are notable appealing catalysts due to huge surface area, high activity, amicable functional groups and structures, adaptable properties, conformity in pore size, and facile separation have made them desirable catalyst carriers for biodiesel synthesis. The MNPs are modified via functionalization to construct magnetically recoverable heterogeneous nanocatalysts. Magnetic catalysts can be utilized as a befitting option for biodiesel synthesis as these are environmentally benign, highly reusable and economically viable. The current review article discusses different magnetic solid catalysts such as magnetic base, acid, biocatalysts and bifunctional of acid base catalysts for efficient biodiesel synthesis. The prime focus of this paper rest on the catalytic performances of various magnetically recoverable catalysts, mechanisms and recyclability for biodiesel production processes. The synthesis methods of magnetic heterogeneous base and acid nanocatalysts, magnetic properties, functionalization and their reciprocity on the catalytic activity are reviewed in this article.

Abstract Image

磁性固体催化剂的最新进展:生物柴油清洁生产中的合成、稳定和应用
生物柴油一般是在催化剂的作用下,通过适当原料的酯交换和酯化反应获得的。它已成为传统燃料最有潜力的替代品之一,受到全世界的关注。在生物柴油合成过程中,异相催化剂通常比均相催化剂更受青睐,因为异相催化剂易于分离,且不易形成肥皂。然而,分离仍然存在困难,导致传质受阻。因此,可以利用磁分离技术对这些催化剂进行进一步改良,开发出磁可分离催化剂。磁性纳米颗粒(MNPs)具有巨大的比表面积、高活性、友好的官能团和结构、适应性强、孔径大小一致以及易于分离等特点,是一种极具吸引力的催化剂,使其成为合成生物柴油的理想催化剂载体。通过对 MNPs 进行功能化改性,可构建磁性可回收的异质纳米催化剂。磁性催化剂可作为生物柴油合成的合适选择,因为这些催化剂对环境无害、可重复使用且经济可行。本综述文章讨论了不同的磁性固体催化剂,如用于高效生物柴油合成的磁性碱催化剂、酸催化剂、生物催化剂和双功能酸碱催化剂。本文的重点在于各种磁性可回收催化剂在生物柴油生产过程中的催化性能、机理和可回收性。本文综述了磁性异质碱和酸纳米催化剂的合成方法、磁性能、官能化及其对催化活性的相互影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Energy nexus
Energy nexus Energy (General), Ecological Modelling, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Water Science and Technology, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (General)
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
109 days
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信