Mycobacterium cosmeticum catheter-related bloodstream infection in an immunocompetent patient: A case report and review of the literature

IF 1.1 Q4 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

IDCases Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e02051

Julia S. Turock , Colette J. Matysiak Match , Kristina Adachi , Karin Nielsen-Saines , Shangxin Yang , Sanchi Malhotra

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Abstract

Background

Mycobacterium cosmeticum is an emerging rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) species that has been rarely reported to cause human disease. RGM catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) are often challenging to treat given the need for line removal, variable species-dependent antimicrobial susceptibility, combination antimicrobial treatment, and historically longer courses of antibiotics.

Case presentation

We present a case of an immunocompetent pediatric patient with severe hemophilia B and M. cosmeticum CRBSI. While the patient’s hemophilia B precluded a standard line holiday, he successfully cleared his infection with two line exchanges followed by two weeks of antibiotics.

Conclusions

RGM, including emerging species M. cosmeticum, may be considered in patients with an indolent presentation of CRBSI. Our case suggests source control with shorter courses of antimicrobials can be successful.

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一名免疫功能正常的患者发生了化妆品分枝杆菌导管相关血流感染：病例报告与文献综述

背景美容分枝杆菌（Mycobacterium cosmeticum）是一种新出现的快速生长分枝杆菌（RGM），很少有报道称它会导致人类疾病。RGM导管相关血流感染（CRBSI）的治疗通常具有挑战性，因为需要拔除导管、对不同菌种的抗菌药敏感性不同、需要联合使用抗菌药治疗，而且抗生素的疗程历来较长。虽然该患者的血友病 B 使其无法进行标准的管路更换，但他通过两次管路更换和两周的抗生素治疗成功清除了感染。结论对于症状不明显的 CRBSI 患者，可以考虑使用 RGM，包括新出现的 cosmeticum。我们的病例表明，使用较短疗程的抗菌药物进行源头控制可以取得成功。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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