Self-Reported Behaviors and Family History Associated With Cancer Risk Among College Students

Abstract

Background

Cancer (CA) among adolescents and young adults (AYA) presents with unique biological characteristics and histological distributions that differ from children or older adults. CA incidence among AYA (15-39 years) is on the rise despite stable rates among other patient populations, and current literature lacks a consensus as to the etiology behind this trend. Behaviors and characteristics such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, obesity, diet quality, and sedentary lifestyles have been linked to increased CA risk.

Objective

To determine if AYA engage in these behaviors at a higher rate compared to previous years, increasing their risk for CA.

Study Design, Settings, Participants

This descriptive, cross-sectional study collected data between 2005-2023 from a convenience sample of undergraduate students ages 18-24 years enrolled in an entry-level, general education nutrition course at a large, northeastern university.

Measurable Outcome/Analysis

Alcohol/tobacco/vape use, and self/family medical history were self-reported through an online survey. Dietary intake was assessed via 3-day food records and online nutrient analysis software. Daily activity level (steps/day) was measured via research-grade pedometers. Height and weight were measured in duplicate after an overnight fast by research assistants.

Results

Most of the final sample (n=11600) were female (68.7%) and reported self or family history of CA (69.3%). Average BMI was 23.6±3.7 kg/m2, and 6.1% of students met criteria for obesity (≥30 kg/m2). Over half (57.9%) reported binge drinking within the past 30 days. While a low proportion of students reported smoking cigarettes (6.5%), almost one in four (23.3%) of students reported using an electronic vape daily or almost daily. A low proportion of students met recommendations for fruit (21.6%), vegetable (22.3%) and fiber intake (16%). Most students (74.3%) were categorized as somewhat active, and 11.4% were sedentary-low active.

Conclusions

While most students reported family or self-history of CA, many also reported behaviors link to increased cancer risk including binge drinking, vaping, and poor dietary quality. This data has the potential to inform interventions targeting AYA aiming to reduce CA risk.

Funding

NIFA