Thermal degradation and hydrolysis depolymerization of printing ink components for plastic packaging in recycling processes: a review

IF 6.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
Jinyang Guo, Cong Luo, Zhi Kai Chong, Ayah Alassali, Kerstin Kuchta
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Abstract

This review covers the decomposition mechanisms of various printing ink binder resins, with a particular focus on their behavior under extrusion conditions in the mechanical recycling process of polyolefin (PO) based plastic packaging. Thermal degradation and hydrolysis of the nitrocellulose (NC) — the most used binder for flexographic surface printing on single-layer flexible plastic packaging, occur concurrently during the mechanical recycling process under 160–210 °C. For other printing ink binders, polyurethane (PU) noticeable degradation takes place between 200 and 300 °C, mostly above 250 °C. However, with the involvement of humidity, degradation by hydrolysis can start from 150 °C. A similar effect is also discovered with the cellulose acetate (CA) derivatives, which are thermally stable until 300 °C and can be hydrolyzed at 100 °C. The thermal stability of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) is not influenced by humidity, with thermal stability ranging from 170 to 260 °C, depending on different types. Ultraviolet (UV)-cured acrylics are thermally stable until 400 °C. The hydrolysis degradation can take place at room temperature. Moreover, this review covers the thermal stability of different colorants used for printing ink application and elaborates on several thermal-stable alternatives of some common colors. This study further reviews how the binder resin affects the quality of recyclates, revealing it to be not only induced by the degradation of the binder resin but also by the immiscibility between the plastic and binder resin. In advanced recycling processes, mainly selective dissolution-precipitation and pyrolysis, the presence of binder resin and its degradation products could still affect the quality of the product. This review accentuates the imperative need for in-depth research to unravel the impact of printing ink constituents on the quality of recycled products.

Abstract Image

塑料包装印刷油墨成分在回收过程中的热降解和水解解聚:综述
本综述涵盖了各种印刷油墨粘合剂树脂的分解机理,尤其关注它们在聚烯烃(PO)塑料包装机械回收过程中的挤出条件下的行为。硝化纤维素(NC)是单层柔性塑料包装柔版表面印刷最常用的粘合剂,在 160-210 °C 的机械回收过程中会同时发生热降解和水解。对于其他印刷油墨粘合剂,聚氨酯(PU)的明显降解发生在 200 至 300 °C 之间,大部分高于 250 °C。然而,在湿度的作用下,水解降解可以从 150 °C 开始。醋酸纤维素(CA)衍生物也有类似的效果,其热稳定性一直持续到 300 °C,并可在 100 °C时水解。聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)的热稳定性不受湿度影响,热稳定性范围在 170 ℃ 至 260 ℃ 之间,具体取决于不同类型。紫外线(UV)固化丙烯酸树脂的热稳定性可达 400 °C。水解降解可在室温下进行。此外,本综述还涵盖了用于印刷油墨的不同着色剂的热稳定性,并详细介绍了一些常见颜色的热稳定性替代品。本研究进一步探讨了粘合剂树脂如何影响回收物的质量,发现这不仅是由粘合剂树脂的降解引起的,也是由塑料和粘合剂树脂之间的不溶性引起的。在先进的回收工艺(主要是选择性溶解-沉淀和热解)中,粘合剂树脂及其降解产物的存在仍会影响产品的质量。本综述强调了深入研究印刷油墨成分对回收产品质量影响的迫切需要。
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来源期刊
Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering
Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
CiteScore
10.90
自引率
12.50%
发文量
988
审稿时长
6.1 months
期刊介绍: Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering (FESE) is an international journal for researchers interested in a wide range of environmental disciplines. The journal''s aim is to advance and disseminate knowledge in all main branches of environmental science & engineering. The journal emphasizes papers in developing fields, as well as papers showing the interaction between environmental disciplines and other disciplines. FESE is a bi-monthly journal. Its peer-reviewed contents consist of a broad blend of reviews, research papers, policy analyses, short communications, and opinions. Nonscheduled “special issue” and "hot topic", including a review article followed by a couple of related research articles, are organized to publish novel contributions and breaking results on all aspects of environmental field.
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