Hot Forgeability of Titanium Alloy Ti–6Al–2.2Mo–1.4Cr–0.4Fe–0.3Si Alloy: An Approach Using Processing Map

Soumyajyoti Dey, Ravi Ranjan Kumar, Namit Pai, C. R. Anoop, P. Chakravarthy, S. V. S. Narayana Murty
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Abstract

Titanium alloy, Ti–6Al–2.2Mo–1.4Cr–0.4Fe–0.3Si (BT3-1), is a two phase α + β alloy developed for applications in rocket engines, gas turbine engines, and aircraft frames for service up to a temperature of 450 °C. The hot workability of this alloy has been studied through isothermal hot compression testing in the temperature and strain rate \((\dot{\varepsilon })\) range of 800 °C to 1000 °C and 10−3 to 10 s−1, respectively, in a thermomechanical simulator. Processing maps using dynamic material model has been generated and different regions of the map were correlated with microstructural observations. The flow stress data were fitted in Arrhenius strain-compensated model and constitutive equations were developed. Optical microstructures revealed elongated grains, kinking of α phase, flow localisation, and adiabatic shear bands at lower temperatures. Super-plasticity was found to be operative at low temperature of 850 °C and \(\dot{\varepsilon }\) 10−3 s−1, whereas dynamic recrystallization (DRX) was dominating at high temperatures of 950 °C to 1000 °C and \(\dot{\varepsilon }\) of 10−3 s−1. Finite element analysis showed the flow localization in the unstable regions of processing map. Enhanced hot workability was achieved above 950°C in the \(\dot{\varepsilon }\) of 10−2−10−3 s−1 due to initiation of DRX in view of an increase in the β phase fraction.

Graphical Abstract

Abstract Image

钛合金 Ti-6Al-2.2Mo-1.4Cr-0.4Fe-0.3Si 的热锻造性:使用加工图的方法
钛合金 Ti-6Al-2.2Mo-1.4Cr-0.4Fe-0.3Si (BT3-1) 是一种两相 α + β 合金,开发用于火箭发动机、燃气涡轮发动机和飞机框架,工作温度可达 450 °C。在热机械模拟器中,通过温度和应变率 \((\dot{\varepsilon })\)范围分别为 800 °C 至 1000 °C 和 10-3 至 10 s-1 的等温热压缩试验,研究了这种合金的热加工性能。使用动态材料模型生成了加工图,并将加工图的不同区域与微观结构观测结果进行了关联。在阿伦尼乌斯应变补偿模型中拟合了流动应力数据,并建立了构成方程。光学显微结构显示了拉长的晶粒、α 相的扭结、流动局部化以及低温下的绝热剪切带。超塑性在低温850 °C和10-3 s-1时起作用,而动态再结晶(DRX)在高温950 °C至1000 °C和10-3 s-1时起主导作用。有限元分析表明,在加工图的不稳定区域存在流动定位。在950°C以上,由于β相分数的增加,在10-2-10-3 s-1的((\ot{\varepsilon }\) \(\ot{\varepsilon }\))条件下,由于DRX的启动,热加工性能得到了提高。
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