Design, Development and In Vitro Assessment of Water-Soluble Calixarene: A Supramolecular-Based Nano-Carrier for Paclitaxel Drug Delivery

Abstract

In the area of drug development the solubility of an active ingredient plays a very crucial and vital part and is of the highest significance. Increasing importance is being placed on the research into active ingredient solubilization. The designing of a host guest complex with a compound that has a higher dissolubility profile can work with the solubilization of lipophilic drugs. In this research work optimized nano-carriers were effectively synthesized utilizing thin-film hydration strategies. The drug sulfonated calix[4]resorcinarene blend (1:10) containing ethanol was dispersed and sonicated with an estimated three cycles, at an amplitude 70 with a 20-s interval for an optimized time. The synthesized nanovesicles have an average diameter of 477.7 nm, a higher mono dispersity (PDI-0.282), and a greater loading capacity of the drugs is 95%. Atomic force microscopy in accordance with dynamic light-scattering spectra confirmed the spherical shape of paclitaxel-loaded sulfonated calix[4]resorcinarene nanovesicles. In vitro release of medication from nanovesicles affirmed the extended discharge pattern of drugs with r² of 0.9902 compared with the commercial formulation available on the market. MTT assay is performed to access the toxicity of the sufonated calix[4]resorcinarene in vitro. IC₅₀ values indicate that synthesized sufonated calix[4]resorcinarene shows better IC₅₀ values than paclitaxel and taxol. The formulated nanovesicles from sulfonated calix[4]resorcinarene showed an ideal size with higher capacity for binding drug and provide better patient compliance, which are positive for their expected application as a modular drug delivery platform for anti-cancer drugs.