Haemosporidian infection is related to the expression of female plumage ornamentation in a wild passerine

IF 2.3 2区 生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Enrique González-Bernardo , Gregorio Moreno-Rueda , Carlos Camacho , Jaime Muriel , Jesús Martínez-Padilla , Jaime Potti , David Canal
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The role of plumage ornamentation as a signal of parasite infection is a key issue in the evolution of animal behaviour. Despite the undeniable role of host–parasite interactions in sexual selection, it is still unclear how parasites influence the variance in the expression of females displaying multiple ornaments. Here, by taking advantage of a long-term and individual-based, monitored population of pied flycatchers, Ficedula hypoleuca, in a Mediterranean area, we investigated the variation in the expression of wing patch (size) and forehead patch (occurrence and size) in relation to infections with haemosporidian parasites in breeding adult females. Haemosporidian infection was related to wing patch size, and this association varied in direction and magnitude depending on the origin of birds (locally born versus immigrant) and the type of breeding habitat (oakwood versus pine plantation). Specifically, differences in wing patch size were most evident among immigrant females breeding in the pine plantation, with noninfected females expressing larger wing patches than infected ones. Regarding the forehead patch, its occurrence was also modulated by haemosporidian infection through two-way interactions with bird origin (lower occurrence in locally born females) and breeding habitat type (lower occurrence among infected than uninfected females in the oakwood, whereas the opposite was true in the pine plantation). Only bird age predicted forehead patch size. Therefore, in addition to haemosporidian infection, the expression of these ornaments was related to extrinsic (breeding habitat) and intrinsic (age, origin) factors, which suggests the existence of trade-offs between physiological responses to infection and the expression of secondary sexual traits. Overall, our results suggest that plumage ornaments provide independent and reliable information on the haemosporidian infection status of female pied flycatchers.

血孢子虫感染与野生百灵鸟雌性羽饰的表现有关
羽饰作为寄生虫感染信号的作用是动物行为进化中的一个关键问题。尽管宿主与寄生虫之间的相互作用在性选择中的作用是不可否认的,但寄生虫如何影响雌鸟展示多种装饰的表达差异仍不清楚。在此,我们利用在地中海地区长期监测到的鹡鸰种群,研究了在繁殖期成年雌鸟中,翅斑(大小)和额斑(出现和大小)的表现变化与血孢子虫寄生虫感染的关系。血孢子虫感染与翅斑大小有关,这种关联的方向和程度因鸟类的来源(本地出生还是外来移民)和繁殖栖息地类型(橡树林还是松树林)而异。具体而言,在松树林中繁殖的移民雌鸟翼斑大小的差异最为明显,未感染的雌鸟翼斑大于感染的雌鸟。额斑的出现也受到血孢子虫感染的影响,血孢子虫感染与鸟类来源(本地出生的雌鸟出现率较低)和繁殖生境类型(在橡树林中感染的雌鸟出现率低于未感染的雌鸟,而在松树林中则相反)之间存在双向交互作用。只有鸟的年龄能预测额头斑块的大小。因此,除了血孢子虫感染外,这些装饰物的表现还与外在因素(繁殖栖息地)和内在因素(年龄、产地)有关,这表明对感染的生理反应与第二性征的表现之间存在权衡。总之,我们的研究结果表明,羽饰为雌性斑潜蝇的血孢子虫感染状况提供了独立而可靠的信息。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Animal Behaviour
Animal Behaviour 生物-动物学
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
8.00%
发文量
236
审稿时长
10.2 weeks
期刊介绍: Growing interest in behavioural biology and the international reputation of Animal Behaviour prompted an expansion to monthly publication in 1989. Animal Behaviour continues to be the journal of choice for biologists, ethologists, psychologists, physiologists, and veterinarians with an interest in the subject.
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