A Radiation-Tolerant 25.6-Gb/s High-Speed Transmitter in 28-nm CMOS With a Tolerance of 1 Grad

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI:10.1109/TNS.2024.3440010

A. Klekotko;S. Biereigel;M. Baszczyk;P. Moreira;F. Martina;J. Prinzie;S. Kulis

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This article presents a 25.6-Gbit

$\cdot $

s−1 high-speed transmitter (HST) manufactured using 28-nm CMOS technology. The HST macroblock includes an all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL), duty cycle corrector (DCC) circuit, data pattern generator, serializer, and a driver capable of driving the differential 100-

$\Omega $

line as well as a silicon photonics (SiPh) ring modulator (RM). The design adopts various radiation hardening techniques, such as triple modular redundancy (TMR), physical circuit spacing, and protection against radiation-induced leakage. The circuit achieves a total ionizing dose (TID) tolerance above 1 Grad, which aligns with the future large hadron collider (LHC) detector upgrade requirements. In this article, the architecture of the HST based on the LC-tank-based ADPLL, half-rate serializer, and the source-series-terminated (SST) output driver included in the prototype chip is described. The experimental results are reported, including general evaluation as well as the radiation characterization of the HST.

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容差为 1 Grad 的 28 纳米 CMOS 25.6 Gbps 高速发射机

本文介绍了采用 28 纳米 CMOS 技术制造的 25.6 Gbit $\cdot $ s-1 高速发射器 (HST)。HST 宏块包括一个全数字锁相环 (ADPLL)、占空比校正器 (DCC) 电路、数据模式发生器、串行器和一个能够驱动差分 100- $\Omega $ 线路的驱动器以及一个硅光子 (SiPh) 环形调制器 (RM)。该设计采用了各种辐射加固技术，如三重模块冗余（TMR）、物理电路间隔和辐射泄漏保护。该电路实现了高于 1 Grad 的总电离剂量（TID）容限，符合未来大型强子对撞机（LHC）探测器升级的要求。本文介绍了基于 LC 罐的 ADPLL、半速率串行器和原型芯片中的源串行端接（SST）输出驱动器的 HST 架构。文章还报告了实验结果，包括 HST 的总体评估和辐射特性分析。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.