Association of chronotype with language and episodic memory processing in children: implications for brain structure

IF 2.6 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI:10.3389/fnint.2024.1437585

Masatoshi Yamashita, Qiulu Shou, Yoshifumi Mizuno

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Abstract

IntroductionChronotype refers to individual preference in circadian cycles and is associated with psychiatric problems. It is mainly classified into early (those who prefer to be active in the morning and sleep and wake up early) and late (those who prefer to be active in the evening and sleep and wake up late) chronotypes. Although previous research has demonstrated associations between chronotype and cognitive function and brain structure in adults, little is known regarding these associations in children. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationship between chronotype and cognitive function in children. Moreover, based on the significant association between chronotype and specific cognitive functions, we extracted regions-of-interest (ROI) and examined the association between chronotype and ROI volumes.MethodsData from 4,493 children (mean age of 143.06 months) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study were obtained, wherein chronotype (mid-sleep time on free days corrected for sleep debt on school days) was assessed by the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. Subsequently, the associations between chronotype, cognitive function, and ROI volumes were evaluated using linear mixed-effects models.ResultsBehaviorally, chronotype was negatively associated with vocabulary knowledge, reading skills, and episodic memory performance. Based on these associations, the ROI analysis focused on language-related and episodic memory-related areas revealed a negative association between chronotype and left precentral gyrus and right posterior cingulate cortex volumes. Furthermore, the precentral gyrus volume was positively associated with vocabulary knowledge and reading skills, while the posterior cingulate cortex volume was positively associated with episodic memory performance.DiscussionThese results suggest that children with late chronotype have lower language comprehension and episodic memory and smaller brain volumes in the left precentral gyrus and right posterior cingulate cortex associated with these cognitive functions.

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年代型与儿童语言和外显记忆处理的关系：对大脑结构的影响

导言：昼夜节律型是指个人对昼夜节律周期的偏好，与精神问题有关。昼夜节律型主要分为早睡早起型和晚睡晚起型。尽管以往的研究已经证明了时间型与成人认知功能和大脑结构之间的关系，但对儿童的这些关系却知之甚少。在此，我们旨在研究儿童的时间型与认知功能之间的关系。方法：我们从青少年大脑认知发展研究（Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study）中获得了4493名儿童（平均年龄为143.06个月）的数据，并通过慕尼黑时间型态问卷（Munich Chronotype Questionnaire）对时间型态（空闲日的中间睡眠时间校正了上学日的睡眠欠缺）进行了评估。结果从行为上看，时型与词汇知识、阅读技能和外显记忆表现呈负相关。基于这些关联，对语言相关区域和表观记忆相关区域的 ROI 分析显示，年代型与左侧前中央回和右侧扣带回皮层体积之间存在负相关。讨论这些结果表明，年代型较晚的儿童的语言理解能力和外显记忆能力较低，而与这些认知功能相关的左侧前脑回和右侧扣带后皮层的脑容量较小。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience Neuroscience-Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

2.90%

发文量

148

审稿时长

14 weeks

期刊介绍： Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research that synthesizes multiple facets of brain structure and function, to better understand how multiple diverse functions are integrated to produce complex behaviors. Led by an outstanding Editorial Board of international experts, this multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, clinicians and the public worldwide. Our goal is to publish research related to furthering the understanding of the integrative mechanisms underlying brain functioning across one or more interacting levels of neural organization. In most real life experiences, sensory inputs from several modalities converge and interact in a manner that influences perception and actions generating purposeful and social behaviors. The journal is therefore focused on the primary questions of how multiple sensory, cognitive and emotional processes merge to produce coordinated complex behavior. It is questions such as this that cannot be answered at a single level – an ion channel, a neuron or a synapse – that we wish to focus on. In Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience we welcome in vitro or in vivo investigations across the molecular, cellular, and systems and behavioral level. Research in any species and at any stage of development and aging that are focused at understanding integration mechanisms underlying emergent properties of the brain and behavior are welcome.