Initiation, organizational modes and environmental conditions of severe convective wind events during the warm season over North China

IF 6 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Yue Huang, Jianhua Sun, Yuanchun Zhang, Ruoyun Ma, Xinlin Yang, Fuyou Tian
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Abstract

Based on the significant weather report, CG lightning, composite radar reflectivity, and ERA5 reanalysis data, we first studied the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of four types (only severe convective wind (SCW); SCW and hail; SCW and short-duration heavy rainfall (SDHR); and SCW, hail, and SDHR) of convective weather events related to SCW during the warm season (May to September) from 2011 to 2018 in North China. Second, severe convective cases producing SCW were selected to statistically analyze the initiation, decay, lifetime, and organizational characteristics of convective systems. Finally, using ERA5 reanalysis data and conventional surface observation data, preconvective soundings were constructed to explore the differences in environmental conditions for initiating convective systems between SCW and non-SCW. The results indicate that mixed-type of SCW and SDHR events occur more frequently over plains, while other types of convective weather occur more frequently over mountains. The frequency peak of SCW occurs in June, while mixed convective weather peaks in July. The initiation time of convective systems is concentrated between 1000 and 1300 BST, with apeak at 1200 BST. Over mountains, the daily peaks of ordinary and significant SCW generally occur at 1700–1800 BST and 1600–1700 BST, respectively, while over plains, the peak of ordinary SCW typically lags behind that of mountains by 1–2 hours. Additionally, SCW systems are mainly initiated over mountains, with most lifetimes lasting 7–13 hours. Nonlinear convective systems produce the most SCW events, followed by trailing-stratiform convective systems. The convective available potential energy (CAPE), downdraft convective available potential energy, and the temperature difference between 850 and 500 hPa can all distinguish between SCW systems and non-SCW systems occurring over plains. Compared to non-SCW convective systems, SCW convective systems over mountains are more likely to occur in environments with less precipitable water, while SCW convective systems over plains are more likely to occur in environments with higher CAPE and stronger deep-layer wind shear.

华北暖季强对流风事件的起因、组织模式和环境条件
基于重大天气报告、CG闪电、雷达综合反射率和ERA5再分析资料,首先研究了2011-2018年华北暖季(5-9月)与SCW相关的四种类型(仅强对流风(SCW);SCW和冰雹;SCW和短时强降雨(SDHR);SCW、冰雹和SDHR)对流天气事件的时空分布特征。其次,选取产生SCW的强对流天气案例,统计分析对流系统的起始、衰减、寿命和组织特征。最后,利用ERA5再分析资料和常规地面观测资料,构建对流前探测资料,探讨SCW与非SCW对流系统启动环境条件的差异。结果表明,混合类型的 SCW 和 SDHR 事件更频繁地出现在平原地区,而其他类型的对流天气则更频繁地出现在山区。对流性天气的频率峰值出现在 6 月,而混合型对流天气的峰值出现在 7 月。对流系统的启动时间集中在北京时间 10 点到 13 点之间,峰值出现在北京时间 12 点。在山区,普通对流天气和显著对流天气的日峰值一般分别出现在北京时间 17 时至 18 时和 16 时至 17 时,而在平原地区,普通对流天气的峰值一般比山区滞后 1 至 2 个小时。此外,SCW 系统主要在山地上空启动,大多数生命期为 7-13 小时。非线性对流系统产生的 SCW 事件最多,其次是拖尾状对流系统。对流可用势能(CAPE)、下沉对流可用势能以及 850 和 500 hPa 之间的温差都能区分发生在平原上空的 SCW 系统和非 SCW 系统。与非 SCW 对流系统相比,山地上空的 SCW 对流系统更有可能出现在降水较少的环境中,而平原上空的 SCW 对流系统则更有可能出现在 CAPE 较高和深层风切变较强的环境中。
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来源期刊
Science China Earth Sciences
Science China Earth Sciences GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
5.30%
发文量
135
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Science China Earth Sciences, an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and published by Science China Press, is committed to publishing high-quality, original results in both basic and applied research.
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