{"title":"Impact of fluorosis on molecular predictors in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes associated microvascular complications","authors":"Sarasa Meenakshi , Triveni Bahekar , Pavan Kumar Narapaka , Biplab Pal , Ved Prakash , Sameer Dhingra , Nitesh Kumar , Krishna Murti","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127506","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>This review presents specific insights on the molecular underpinnings of the connection between fluorosis, type 2 diabetes, and microvascular complications, along with the novel biomarkers that are available for early detection.</p></div><div><h3>Summary</h3><p>Fluoride is an essential trace element for the mineralization of teeth and bones in humans. Exposure to higher concentrations of fluoride has harmful effects that significantly outweigh its advantageous ones. Dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis are the common side effects of exposure to fluoride, which affect millions of individuals globally. Alongside, it also causes non-skeletal fluorosis, which affects the population suffering from non-communicable diseases like diabetes by impacting the soft tissues and causing diabetic microvascular complications. Previous studies reported the prevalence range of these diabetic complications of neuropathy (3–65 %), nephropathy (1–63 %), and retinopathy (2–33 %). Fluoride contributes to the development of these complications by causing oxidative stress, cellular damage, degrading the functioning capability of mitochondria, and thickening the retinal vein basement.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Early diagnosis is a prompt way of prevention, and for that, biomarkers have emerged as an innovative and useful technique. This allows healthcare practitioners and policymakers in endemic areas to comprehend the molecular complexities involved in the advancement of diabetic microvascular problems in the context of high fluoride exposure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 127506"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0946672X24001263","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Aim
This review presents specific insights on the molecular underpinnings of the connection between fluorosis, type 2 diabetes, and microvascular complications, along with the novel biomarkers that are available for early detection.
Summary
Fluoride is an essential trace element for the mineralization of teeth and bones in humans. Exposure to higher concentrations of fluoride has harmful effects that significantly outweigh its advantageous ones. Dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis are the common side effects of exposure to fluoride, which affect millions of individuals globally. Alongside, it also causes non-skeletal fluorosis, which affects the population suffering from non-communicable diseases like diabetes by impacting the soft tissues and causing diabetic microvascular complications. Previous studies reported the prevalence range of these diabetic complications of neuropathy (3–65 %), nephropathy (1–63 %), and retinopathy (2–33 %). Fluoride contributes to the development of these complications by causing oxidative stress, cellular damage, degrading the functioning capability of mitochondria, and thickening the retinal vein basement.
Conclusion
Early diagnosis is a prompt way of prevention, and for that, biomarkers have emerged as an innovative and useful technique. This allows healthcare practitioners and policymakers in endemic areas to comprehend the molecular complexities involved in the advancement of diabetic microvascular problems in the context of high fluoride exposure.
期刊介绍：
The journal provides the reader with a thorough description of theoretical and applied aspects of trace elements in medicine and biology and is devoted to the advancement of scientific knowledge about trace elements and trace element species. Trace elements play essential roles in the maintenance of physiological processes. During the last decades there has been a great deal of scientific investigation about the function and binding of trace elements. The Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology focuses on the description and dissemination of scientific results concerning the role of trace elements with respect to their mode of action in health and disease and nutritional importance. Progress in the knowledge of the biological role of trace elements depends, however, on advances in trace elements chemistry. Thus the Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology will include only those papers that base their results on proven analytical methods.
Also, we only publish those articles in which the quality assurance regarding the execution of experiments and achievement of results is guaranteed.
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