Radiolabeled Somatostatin Analogs for Cancer Imaging.

IF 4.6 2区 医学 Q1 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING
Aamir K Nazar, Sandip Basu
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Somatostatin receptors (SSTR) are expressed by many tumours especially those related to neuro-endocrine origin and molecular functional imaging of SSTR expression using radiolabelled somatostatin analogs have revolutionized imaging of patients with these group of malignancies. Coming a long way from the first radiolabelled somatostatin analog 123I-Tyr-3-octreotide, there has been significant developments in terms of radionuclides used, the ligands and somatostatin derivatives. 111In-Pentetreotide extensively employed for imaging NETs at the beginning has now been replaced by 68Ga-SSA based PET-CT. SSA-PET/CT performs superior to conventional imaging modalities and has evolved in the mainframe for NET imaging. The advantages were multiple: (i) superior spatial resolution of PET versus SPECT, (ii) quantitative capabilities of PET aiding in disease activity and treatment response monitoring with better precision, (iii) shorter scan time and (iv) less patient exposure to radiation. The modality is indicated for staging, detecting the primary in CUP-NETs, restaging, treatment planning (along with FDG: the concept of dual-tracer PET-CT) as well as treatment response evaluation and follow-up of NETs. SSA PET/CT has also been incorporated in the guidelines for imaging of Pheochromocytoma-Paraganglioma, Medullary carcinoma thyroid, Meningioma and Tumor induced osteomalacia. At present, there is rising interest on (a) 18F-labelled SSA, (b) 64Cu-labelled SSA, and (c) somatostatin antagonists. 18F offers excellent imaging properties, 64Cu makes delayed imaging feasible which has implications in dosimetry and SSTR antagonists bind with the SST receptors with high affinity and specificity, providing high contrast images with less background, which can be translated to theranostics effectively. SSTR have been demonstrated in non-neuroendocrine tumours as well in the peer-reviewed literature, with studies demonstrating the potential of SSA PET/CT in Neuroblastoma, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, carcinoma prostate (neuroendocrine differentiation) and lymphoma. This review will focus on the currently available SSAs and their history, different SPECT/PET agents, SSTR antagonists, comparison between the various imaging tracers, and their utility in both neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine tumors.

用于癌症成像的放射性标记体生长抑素类似物。
许多肿瘤,尤其是与神经内分泌有关的肿瘤,都会表达体生长激素受体(SSTR),使用放射性标记的体生长激素类似物对 SSTR 的表达进行分子功能成像,为这类恶性肿瘤患者的成像带来了革命性的变化。从第一种放射性标记的体生长激素类似物 123I-Tyr-3-octreotide问世以来,在放射性核素、配体和体生长激素衍生物方面取得了长足的发展。最初广泛用于 NET 成像的 111In-Pentetreotide 现在已被基于 68Ga-SSA 的 PET-CT 所取代。SSA-PET/CT的成像效果优于传统成像模式,已成为NET成像的主要方法。其优点是多方面的:(i) PET 的空间分辨率优于 SPECT;(ii) PET 的定量能力有助于更精确地监测疾病活动和治疗反应;(iii) 扫描时间更短;(iv) 患者暴露于辐射的时间更短。该模式适用于分期、检测 CUP-NET 的原发性、重新分期、治疗计划(与 FDG 一起:双示踪 PET-CT 概念)以及 NET 的治疗反应评估和随访。SSA PET/CT 还被纳入了嗜铬细胞瘤-巴拉刚液瘤、甲状腺髓样癌、脑膜瘤和肿瘤诱发骨软化症的成像指南。目前,人们对(a)18F 标记的 SSA、(b)64Cu 标记的 SSA 和(c)体生长激素拮抗剂的兴趣日益浓厚。18F 具有出色的成像特性,64Cu 使延迟成像成为可能,这对剂量测定有影响,而 SSTR 拮抗剂与 SST 受体的结合具有高亲和力和特异性,可提供对比度高、背景少的图像,可有效地转化为治疗学。在同行评议的文献中,SSTR 在非神经内分泌肿瘤中也得到了证实,有研究表明 SSA PET/CT 在神经母细胞瘤、鼻咽癌、前列腺癌(神经内分泌分化)和淋巴瘤中具有潜力。本综述将重点介绍目前可用的 SSA 及其历史、不同的 SPECT/PET 剂、SSTR 拮抗剂、各种成像示踪剂之间的比较及其在神经内分泌和非神经内分泌肿瘤中的应用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Seminars in nuclear medicine
Seminars in nuclear medicine 医学-核医学
CiteScore
9.80
自引率
6.10%
发文量
86
审稿时长
14 days
期刊介绍: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine is the leading review journal in nuclear medicine. Each issue brings you expert reviews and commentary on a single topic as selected by the Editors. The journal contains extensive coverage of the field of nuclear medicine, including PET, SPECT, and other molecular imaging studies, and related imaging studies. Full-color illustrations are used throughout to highlight important findings. Seminars is included in PubMed/Medline, Thomson/ISI, and other major scientific indexes.
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