Gut microbiota and immunosenescence in cancer

IF 12.1 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY
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Abstract

Cancer is generally defined as a disease of aging. With aging, the composition, diversity and functional characteristics of the gut microbiota occur changes, with a decline of beneficial commensal microbes triggered by intrinsic and extrinsic factors (e.g., diet, drugs and chronic health conditions). Nowadays, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is recognized as a hallmark of cancer. At the same time, aging is accompanied by changes in innate and adaptive immunity, known as immunosenescence, as well as chronic low-grade inflammation, known as inflammaging. The elevated cancer incidence and mortality in the elderly are linked with aging-associated alterations in the gut microbiota that elicit systemic metabolic alterations, leading to immune dysregulation with potentially tumorigenic effects. The gut microbiota and immunosenescence might both affect the response to treatment in cancer patients. In-depth understanding of age-associated alterations in the gut microbiota and immunity will shed light on the risk of cancer development and progression in the elderly. Here, we describe the aging-associated changes of the gut microbiota in cancer, and review the evolving understanding of the gut microbiota-targeted intervention strategies. Furthermore, we summarize the knowledge on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of immunosenescence and its impact on cancer. Finally, we discuss the latest knowledge about the relationships between gut microbiota and immunosenescence, with implications for cancer therapy. Intervention strategies targeting the gut microbiota may attenuate inflammaging and rejuvenate immune function to provide antitumor benefits in elderly patients.

癌症中的肠道微生物群和免疫衰老。
癌症通常被定义为一种衰老疾病。随着年龄的增长,肠道微生物群的组成、多样性和功能特征会发生变化,内在和外在因素(如饮食、药物和慢性健康状况)会导致有益的共生微生物减少。如今,肠道微生物菌群失调已被公认为癌症的标志。与此同时,伴随衰老而来的是先天性免疫和适应性免疫的变化(称为免疫衰老),以及慢性低度炎症(称为炎症aging)。老年人癌症发病率和死亡率的升高与衰老相关的肠道微生物群的改变有关,这种改变会引起全身代谢的改变,导致免疫失调,并可能产生致癌作用。肠道微生物群和免疫衰老可能都会影响癌症患者对治疗的反应。深入了解与年龄相关的肠道微生物群和免疫力的改变将有助于了解老年人癌症发生和发展的风险。在此,我们描述了癌症中肠道微生物群与年龄相关的变化,并回顾了对肠道微生物群靶向干预策略不断发展的认识。此外,我们还总结了免疫衰老的细胞和分子机制及其对癌症的影响。最后,我们讨论了有关肠道微生物群与免疫衰老之间关系的最新知识,以及对癌症治疗的影响。针对肠道微生物群的干预策略可减轻炎症反应,恢复免疫功能,从而为老年患者带来抗肿瘤益处。
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来源期刊
Seminars in cancer biology
Seminars in cancer biology 医学-肿瘤学
CiteScore
26.80
自引率
4.10%
发文量
347
审稿时长
15.1 weeks
期刊介绍: Seminars in Cancer Biology (YSCBI) is a specialized review journal that focuses on the field of molecular oncology. Its primary objective is to keep scientists up-to-date with the latest developments in this field. The journal adopts a thematic approach, dedicating each issue to an important topic of interest to cancer biologists. These topics cover a range of research areas, including the underlying genetic and molecular causes of cellular transformation and cancer, as well as the molecular basis of potential therapies. To ensure the highest quality and expertise, every issue is supervised by a guest editor or editors who are internationally recognized experts in the respective field. Each issue features approximately eight to twelve authoritative invited reviews that cover various aspects of the chosen subject area. The ultimate goal of each issue of YSCBI is to offer a cohesive, easily comprehensible, and engaging overview of the selected topic. The journal strives to provide scientists with a coordinated and lively examination of the latest developments in the field of molecular oncology.
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