Aerosolized e-liquid base constituents induce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in oral keratinocytes.

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Oral diseases Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI:10.1111/odi.15104

Tao Ma, Angela Lee, Bryan Eng, Vyomesh Patel, Sarah L J Michel, Maureen A Kane, Richard Dalby, Abraham Schneider

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among adults in the United States continues to rise. Particularly concerning is the impact of e-cigarette aerosol inhalation on the oral mucosa. Aerosols are derived from a heated e-liquid base of propylene glycol/glycerin (PG/G) often mixed with nicotine and chemical flavors. Of note, harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs), including metals and volatile organic compounds, have been detected in e-cigarette aerosols. It remains unknown, however, whether aerosols exclusively derived from e-liquid PG/G are detrimental to oral keratinocytes. The present study analyzed toxicological outcomes in normal oral keratinocytes exposed to model nicotine-free, unflavored PG/G e-liquid aerosols.

Materials and methods: Cell viability/cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and immunoblotting assays were conducted in NOKSI, a gingiva-derived oral keratinocyte cell line, following exposure to model e-liquid aerosols or non-aerosolized controls. The HPHC acrolein, reported to form DNA adducts in the buccal mucosa from e-cigarette users, was also used in similar assays.

Results: PG/G e-liquid aerosol extracts significantly enhanced cytotoxic and DNA damaging responses in NOKSI cells when compared to non-aerosolized e-liquid treatment. Acrolein treatment led to similar results.

Conclusions: The aerosolization process of PG/G e-liquid is a critical determinant of marked cytotoxic and genotoxic stimuli in oral keratinocytes.

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气溶胶电子液体基质成分会诱导口腔角质细胞产生细胞毒性和遗传毒性。

目的：美国成年人使用电子烟的人数持续上升。尤其令人担忧的是吸入电子烟气溶胶对口腔黏膜的影响。气溶胶来自加热的丙二醇/甘油（PG/G）电子液体基质，通常与尼古丁和化学香料混合。值得注意的是，在电子烟气溶胶中已检测到有害和潜在有害成分（HPHC），包括金属和挥发性有机化合物。不过，完全由电子烟液 PG/G 产生的气溶胶是否会对口腔角质细胞造成危害，目前仍不得而知。本研究分析了暴露于不含尼古丁、无味 PG/G 电子烟气溶胶模型的正常口腔角质细胞的毒理学结果：在接触模型电子液体气溶胶或非气溶胶对照组后，对源自牙龈的口腔角质细胞系 NOKSI 进行了细胞存活率/细胞毒性、基因毒性和免疫印迹检测。据报道，高活性有机化合物丙烯醛会在电子烟使用者的口腔粘膜中形成DNA加合物，该研究也采用了类似的方法：结果：与未气溶胶化的电子烟相比，PG/G 电子烟气溶胶提取物显著增强了 NOKSI 细胞的细胞毒性和 DNA 损伤反应。丙烯醛处理也产生了类似的结果：结论：PG/G 电子液体的气溶胶化过程是对口腔角质细胞产生明显细胞毒性和基因毒性刺激的关键因素。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Oral diseases 医学-牙科与口腔外科

CiteScore

7.60

自引率

5.30%

发文量

325

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Oral Diseases is a multidisciplinary and international journal with a focus on head and neck disorders, edited by leaders in the field, Professor Giovanni Lodi (Editor-in-Chief, Milan, Italy), Professor Stefano Petti (Deputy Editor, Rome, Italy) and Associate Professor Gulshan Sunavala-Dossabhoy (Deputy Editor, Shreveport, LA, USA). The journal is pre-eminent in oral medicine. Oral Diseases specifically strives to link often-isolated areas of dentistry and medicine through broad-based scholarship that includes well-designed and controlled clinical research, analytical epidemiology, and the translation of basic science in pre-clinical studies. The journal typically publishes articles relevant to many related medical specialties including especially dermatology, gastroenterology, hematology, immunology, infectious diseases, neuropsychiatry, oncology and otolaryngology. The essential requirement is that all submitted research is hypothesis-driven, with significant positive and negative results both welcomed. Equal publication emphasis is placed on etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and treatment.

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