Emphasizing laccase based amperometric biosensing as an eventual panpharmacon for rapid and effective detection of phenolic compounds

Abstract

Phenols and phenolic compounds are major plant metabolites used in industries to produce pesticides, dyes, medicines, and plastics. These compounds enter water bodies, soil, and living organisms via such industrial routes. Some polyphenolic compounds like phenolic acids, flavonoids have antioxidant and organoleptic qualities, as well as preventive effects against neurodegenerative illnesses, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. However, many of the polyphenolic compounds, such as Bisphenol A, phthalates, and dioxins also cause major environmental pollution and endocrine disruption, once the dose level becomes objectionable. The development of reliable and rapid methods for studying their dose dependency, high-impact detrimental effects, and continuous monitoring of phenol levels in humans and environmental samples is a crucial necessity of the day. Enzymatic biosensors employing phenol oxidases like tyrosinase, peroxidase and laccase, utilizing electrochemical amperometric methods are innovative methods for phenol quantification. Enzymatic biosensing, being highly sensitive and efficacious technique, is illuminated in this review article as a progressive approach for phenol quantification with special emphasis on laccase amperometric biosensors. Even more, the review article discussion is extended up to nanozymes, composites of metal organic frameworks (MOFs), and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as some emerging species for electro-chemical sensing of phenols. Applications of phenol quantification and green biosensing are also specified. A concrete summary of the innovative polyphenol detection approaches with futuristic scope indicates a triumph over some existing constraints of the phenomenological approaches providing an informative aisle to the modern researchers towards the bulk readability.