{"title":"Investigating the Hepcidin Gene Polymorphisms in COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis Susceptibility: A Clinical-Laboratory Study.","authors":"Reyhaneh Ravanbakhsh, Yalda Farhand, Fatemeh Ravanbakhsh Ghavghani","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2023.99589.3167","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Following the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak (COVID-19), it became a worrisome health burden worldwide. COVID-19-associated mucormycosis emergence, characterized by dysregulated inflammation and iron metabolism, exacerbated the prognosis of affected patients. Given the significance of hepcidin in regulating inflammation and iron metabolism, this study investigated the significance of hepcidin single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in COVID-19-associated mucormycosis development, along with the association between the clinical and laboratory factors and COVID-19-associated mucormycosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From September 2021 to November 2021, COVID-19 patients with and without mucormycosis were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Their medical records and laboratory results were investigated. SNP genotyping was performed using Sanger sequencing. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, Pearson's Chi square, and student <i>t</i> test were used for analyzing the data using SPSS software version 25. P<0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, 110 COVID-19 patients with and without mucormycosis were investigated. Elevated levels of urea, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and increased ratio of polymorphonuclear neutrophil to lymphocytes were associated with decreased risk of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis in patients (all P<0.05). Moreover, diabetes mellitus increased the risk of mucormycosis (P=0.028). In contrast to patients without mucormycosis, patients with mucormycosis did not display 442 GA and SNP335 GT genotypes. Unlike patients without mucormycosis, none of the patients with mucormycosis had SNP442 GA and SNP335 GT genotypes. Regarding SNP 443 C>T, and the combination of SNPs 582 A>G and 443 C>T, CC genotype and AA+CC genotypes were associated with increased lactate dehydrogenase levels in COVID-19 patients, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Regarding SNP 443 C>T, the CC genotype was associated with increased lactate dehydrogenase levels in COVID-19 patients. In terms of SNP 582 A>G and SNP 443 C>T, COVID-19 patients with AA+CC genotypes had higher levels of LDH. None of the patients with mucormycosis had SNP442 GA and SNP335 GT genotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11300941/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.30476/ijms.2023.99589.3167","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Following the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak (COVID-19), it became a worrisome health burden worldwide. COVID-19-associated mucormycosis emergence, characterized by dysregulated inflammation and iron metabolism, exacerbated the prognosis of affected patients. Given the significance of hepcidin in regulating inflammation and iron metabolism, this study investigated the significance of hepcidin single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in COVID-19-associated mucormycosis development, along with the association between the clinical and laboratory factors and COVID-19-associated mucormycosis.
Methods: From September 2021 to November 2021, COVID-19 patients with and without mucormycosis were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Their medical records and laboratory results were investigated. SNP genotyping was performed using Sanger sequencing. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, Pearson's Chi square, and student t test were used for analyzing the data using SPSS software version 25. P<0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.
Results: Here, 110 COVID-19 patients with and without mucormycosis were investigated. Elevated levels of urea, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and increased ratio of polymorphonuclear neutrophil to lymphocytes were associated with decreased risk of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis in patients (all P<0.05). Moreover, diabetes mellitus increased the risk of mucormycosis (P=0.028). In contrast to patients without mucormycosis, patients with mucormycosis did not display 442 GA and SNP335 GT genotypes. Unlike patients without mucormycosis, none of the patients with mucormycosis had SNP442 GA and SNP335 GT genotypes. Regarding SNP 443 C>T, and the combination of SNPs 582 A>G and 443 C>T, CC genotype and AA+CC genotypes were associated with increased lactate dehydrogenase levels in COVID-19 patients, respectively.
Conclusion: Regarding SNP 443 C>T, the CC genotype was associated with increased lactate dehydrogenase levels in COVID-19 patients. In terms of SNP 582 A>G and SNP 443 C>T, COVID-19 patients with AA+CC genotypes had higher levels of LDH. None of the patients with mucormycosis had SNP442 GA and SNP335 GT genotypes.
期刊介绍:
The Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences (IJMS) is an international quarterly biomedical publication, which is sponsored by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The IJMS intends to provide a scientific medium of communication for researchers throughout the globe. The journal welcomes original clinical articles as well as clinically oriented basic science research experiences on prevalent diseases in the region and analysis of various regional problems.