Effects of Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Pregnancy on Fetal Development

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY

American Journal of Reproductive Immunology Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI:10.1111/aji.13911

Jianan Li, Jingwen Yao, Zeyu Yang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in 2019 has necessitated investigating its potential adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes and fetal development.

Objective

This study aimed to review the evidence on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy on fetal outcomes.

Method of Study

Literatures since the outbreak of COVID-19 from PubMed and Web of Science were summarized in this narrative review, to show the effects of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy on fetal development.

Results

SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy can be transmitted vertically through the placenta, both in utero and perinatally, affecting the maternal–fetal immune interface and placental function. Viral infections during pregnancy have been linked to central nervous system development impairments and disorders such as autism. Changes in the structure and function of the respiratory, immune, and visceral systems have also been reported. SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy has been linked with increased risks of stillbirth and preterm birth. However, the mechanisms involved remain unclear and may include cytokine storms, macrophage mediation, genetic mutations, methylation, and other epigenetic changes. Exploring the protective effects of antiviral treatment and other interventions in animal and clinical studies may help improve outcomes.

Conclusion

SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy activates the maternal–fetal immune interface through vertical transmission, and has short- and long-term effects on fetal development, including the central nervous system. Future long-term studies may help provide evidence that can inform interventions to reduce the risk of adverse outcomes.

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孕期母体感染 SARS-CoV-2 对胎儿发育的影响

背景：2019年爆发的严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）使人们有必要调查其对妊娠结局和胎儿发育的潜在不利影响：本研究旨在回顾孕期感染SARS-CoV-2对胎儿结局影响的证据：研究方法：本叙事性综述总结了自COVID-19疫情爆发以来PubMed和Web of Science上的文献，以说明孕期母体感染SARS-CoV-2对胎儿发育的影响：结果：孕期感染SARS-CoV-2可通过胎盘垂直传播，在子宫内和围产期都会影响母胎免疫界面和胎盘功能。孕期病毒感染与中枢神经系统发育障碍和自闭症等疾病有关。呼吸系统、免疫系统和内脏系统的结构和功能变化也有报道。孕期感染 SARS-CoV-2 与死产和早产风险增加有关。然而，相关机制仍不清楚，可能包括细胞因子风暴、巨噬细胞调解、基因突变、甲基化和其他表观遗传学变化。在动物和临床研究中探索抗病毒治疗和其他干预措施的保护作用可能有助于改善预后：结论：孕期感染 SARS-CoV-2 会通过垂直传播激活母胎免疫界面，并对胎儿发育（包括中枢神经系统）产生短期和长期影响。未来的长期研究可能有助于提供证据，为降低不良后果风险的干预措施提供依据。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 医学-免疫学

CiteScore

6.20

自引率

5.60%

发文量

314

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： The American Journal of Reproductive Immunology is an international journal devoted to the presentation of current information in all areas relating to Reproductive Immunology. The journal is directed toward both the basic scientist and the clinician, covering the whole process of reproduction as affected by immunological processes. The journal covers a variety of subspecialty topics, including fertility immunology, pregnancy immunology, immunogenetics, mucosal immunology, immunocontraception, endometriosis, abortion, tumor immunology of the reproductive tract, autoantibodies, infectious disease of the reproductive tract, and technical news.