Quantum paraelectric varactors for radiofrequency measurements at millikelvin temperatures

IF 33.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Nature Electronics Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI:10.1038/s41928-024-01214-z

P. Apostolidis, B. J. Villis, J. F. Chittock-Wood, J. M. Powell, A. Baumgartner, V. Vesterinen, S. Simbierowicz, J. Hassel, M. R. Buitelaar

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Abstract

Radiofrequency reflectometry can provide fast and sensitive electrical read-out of charge and spin qubits in quantum dot devices coupled to resonant circuits. In situ frequency tuning and impedance matching of the resonator circuit using voltage-tunable capacitors (varactors) is needed to optimize read-out sensitivity, but the performance of conventional semiconductor- and ferroelectric-based varactors degrades substantially in the millikelvin temperature range relevant for solid-state quantum devices. Here we show that strontium titanate and potassium tantalate, materials which can exhibit quantum paraelectric behaviour with large field-tunable permittivity at low temperatures, can be used to make varactors with perfect impedance matching and resonator frequency tuning at 6 mK. We characterize the varactors at 6 mK in terms of their capacitance tunability, dissipative losses and magnetic field insensitivity. We use the quantum paraelectric varactors to optimize the radiofrequency read-out of carbon nanotube quantum dot devices, achieving a charge sensitivity of 4.8 μe Hz^−1/2 and a capacitance sensitivity of 0.04 aF Hz^−1/2.

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用于毫开尔文温度下射频测量的量子准电变容器

射频反射测量法可以对耦合到谐振电路的量子点器件中的电荷和自旋量子比特进行快速灵敏的电读出。为了优化读出灵敏度，需要使用电压可调电容器（变容器）对谐振电路进行现场频率调谐和阻抗匹配，但传统半导体和铁电基变容器的性能在与固态量子器件相关的毫开尔文温度范围内会大幅降低。在这里，我们展示了钛酸锶和钽酸钾，这两种材料在低温下可以表现出量子副介电行为，并具有较大的场可调介电常数，可用于制造在 6 mK 温度下具有完美阻抗匹配和谐振器频率可调的变容器。我们从电容可调谐性、耗散损耗和磁场不敏感性等方面描述了 6 mK 下变容器的特性。我们利用量子准电变容器优化了碳纳米管量子点器件的射频读出，实现了 4.8 μe Hz-1/2 的电荷灵敏度和 0.04 aF Hz-1/2 的电容灵敏度。

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来源期刊

Nature Electronics Engineering-Electrical and Electronic Engineering

CiteScore

47.50

自引率

2.30%

发文量

159

期刊介绍： Nature Electronics is a comprehensive journal that publishes both fundamental and applied research in the field of electronics. It encompasses a wide range of topics, including the study of new phenomena and devices, the design and construction of electronic circuits, and the practical applications of electronics. In addition, the journal explores the commercial and industrial aspects of electronics research. The primary focus of Nature Electronics is on the development of technology and its potential impact on society. The journal incorporates the contributions of scientists, engineers, and industry professionals, offering a platform for their research findings. Moreover, Nature Electronics provides insightful commentary, thorough reviews, and analysis of the key issues that shape the field, as well as the technologies that are reshaping society. Like all journals within the prestigious Nature brand, Nature Electronics upholds the highest standards of quality. It maintains a dedicated team of professional editors and follows a fair and rigorous peer-review process. The journal also ensures impeccable copy-editing and production, enabling swift publication. Additionally, Nature Electronics prides itself on its editorial independence, ensuring unbiased and impartial reporting. In summary, Nature Electronics is a leading journal that publishes cutting-edge research in electronics. With its multidisciplinary approach and commitment to excellence, the journal serves as a valuable resource for scientists, engineers, and industry professionals seeking to stay at the forefront of advancements in the field.

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