Growth and allometric curves of southern brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba): Insights on its ontogeny and conservation

IF 2 3区 生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY
Lucas Ferriolli Mariotto, Aline Naissa Dada, Thiago Campos da Silva, Alessandra Beirith, Sheila Regina Schmidt Francisco, Júlio Cesar de Souza Junior, Kaio Gutieres Ebert, Jenefer Schelemberg de Oliverira, Zelinda Maria Braga Hirano
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Abstract

Ontogenetic sexual dimorphism is observed in different primate species, with ecological and evolutionary relationships explaining this pattern. Understanding the growth of the southern brown howler monkey elucidates not only the ecology and evolution but also contributes to conservation projects for this species. Throughout 20 years of the Centro de Pesquisas Biológicas de Indaial—Projeto Bugio, Brazil, we collected morphological data on 105 howlers of the Alouatta guariba species to identify the growth differences between ontogenetic categories and sexes and generate a growth curve to estimate the age of rescued individuals. Linear measurements were employed to obtain body length as well as the dimensions of the head and limbs. All individuals were also weighed to obtain body mass. We assessed growth rate and duration using allometric analysis based on the individuals' ages. We compared growth rate and duration among infant, juvenile, and adult howlers and between sexes. We provide growth curves for body size for both sexes using the Von Bertalanffy model. Infants have accelerated growth rate in comparison to the juveniles and adults, with no differences between sexes in establishing body length at this ontogenetic stage. Males have a prolonged development duration from the juvenile stage, reaching adulthood later than females, which explains the body length differences found in this species. Variables of head and limbs analyzed also showed differences in growth rate and duration, but not so consistently among ontogenetic stages. Mass was not a good variable to understand the growth differences of the animals, since many arrived feeble in the project and may have lost mass due to different circumstances in old age. Therefore, growth curves were obtained only for body length, allowing the estimation of the age of these animals when rescued from the wild to more effectively provide needed care in captivity.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

南方褐吼猴(Alouatta guariba)的生长和异速曲线:对其个体发育和保护的启示。
在不同的灵长类物种中都能观察到发育期性二态现象,生态和进化关系可以解释这种模式。了解南方褐吼猴的生长过程不仅可以阐明其生态学和进化过程,还有助于该物种的保护项目。在巴西 Indaial 项目生物研究中心(Centro de Pesquisas Biológicas de Indaial-Projeto Bugio)的 20 年间,我们收集了 105 只瓜里巴褐猴(Alouatta guariba)的形态学数据,以确定不同发育阶段和性别间的生长差异,并生成生长曲线来估计获救个体的年龄。通过线性测量获得体长以及头部和四肢的尺寸。我们还对所有个体进行了称重,以获得体重。我们根据个体的年龄,使用异速分析法评估生长速度和持续时间。我们比较了婴儿、幼年和成年嚎鹿以及不同性别之间的生长速度和持续时间。我们使用 Von Bertalanffy 模型提供了雌雄嚎鹿的体型增长曲线。与幼年期和成年期相比,婴幼儿的生长速度较快,在这一发育阶段,雌雄嚎鹿的体长没有差异。雄性从幼体阶段开始的发育持续时间较长,比雌性更晚进入成年期,这也是该物种体长差异的原因。头部和四肢的变量分析也显示出生长速度和持续时间的差异,但在不同的个体发育阶段并不一致。体重并不是了解动物生长差异的好变量,因为许多动物在项目开始时都很虚弱,到了老年可能会因为不同的环境而失去体重。因此,我们只获得了体长的生长曲线,这样就可以估算出这些动物从野外救回时的年龄,从而更有效地提供所需的圈养照料。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
8.30%
发文量
103
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The objective of the American Journal of Primatology is to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas and findings among primatologists and to convey our increasing understanding of this order of animals to specialists and interested readers alike. Primatology is an unusual science in that its practitioners work in a wide variety of departments and institutions, live in countries throughout the world, and carry out a vast range of research procedures. Whether we are anthropologists, psychologists, biologists, or medical researchers, whether we live in Japan, Kenya, Brazil, or the United States, whether we conduct naturalistic observations in the field or experiments in the lab, we are united in our goal of better understanding primates. Our studies of nonhuman primates are of interest to scientists in many other disciplines ranging from entomology to sociology.
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