Analyzing the benefits and limitations of advanced 2,4-D herbicide delivery systems

Abstract

Herbicides are pivotal in modern agriculture, efficiently managing weeds and supporting sustainable farming. One of such herbicides is 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a synthetic auxin that targets broad-leaved weeds. It's praised for controlling various weeds with minimal injury to monocot plants. Innovative delivery methods for 2,4-D, like slow release and targeted systems, offer benefits such as extended herbicide release and reduced environmental impact. This review assesses diverse 2,4-D delivery systems: biochar, silica, layered inorganic materials, polymers, and gels, analyzing their benefits and limitations. Success in these systems relies on finding the optimal balance between strong herbicide bonding for high loading efficiency and the controlled release necessary for the desired herbicidal action. Porous materials adapt porosity for this equilibrium, and organic formulations optimize bonding groups. Layered materials, especially hydroxide ones, show potential by attracting 2,4-D anions. Controlled release is critical; Si-based systems achieve pH-controlled release, while polymers rely on hydrolysis modulated by temperature and acidity. Moreover, light-responsive groups offer precise control over 2,4-D distribution via irradiation. These studies highlight how inventive materials and techniques can transform agrochemicals. Ongoing research and development in this field will further enhance the efficiency, sustainability, and safety of herbicide delivery, benefiting agricultural practices and environmental stewardship.