Evaluating the effects of different irrigation water sources on soil temperature using HYDRUS (2D/3D) and considering the coupled movement of water and heat

IF 6.1 1区 农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE
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Abstract

Drip irrigation with alternate use of surface water and groundwater (ADI) has been widely applied in arid regions to relieve the effects of heat stress on crop growth. However, the heat dynamics under ADI are still unclear, especially concerning the impacts of ADI on daily and seasonal fluctuations of soil temperature (Ts). Thus, a two-year experiment was carried out during 2019–2020 in the Jiuzhuang comprehensive saving-water experimental station to continuously monitor soil water content (SWC) and Ts variations. Moreover, the HYDRUS (2D/3D) software was used to simulate Ts fluctuations under various evaluated scenarios involving a) surface water irrigation (SW), b) groundwater water irrigation (GW), c) alternate use of groundwater and surface water irrigation (1G1S), d) two groundwater irrigations and one surface water irrigation (2G1S), and e) three groundwater irrigations and one surface water irrigation (3G1S). The result showed that the HYDRUS (2D/3D) software could precisely simulate soil water content and Ts dynamics under all irrigation treatments, with the root mean square error of 0.01–0.06 cm3 cm−3 and 1.25–1.57 °C for SWC and Ts in the verification period, respectively. Apparent spatial-temporal differences in diurnal Ts fluctuations under different ADI treatments were found, especially in the 5 cm soil depth. In general, Ts decreased in response to an increase in the frequency of groundwater irrigation. The lowest Ts occurred in the 3G1S treatment under different ADI treatments. The average Ts in both years under 3G1S was 12.2 % lower than under SW and 4.4 % higher than under GW. However, the highest Ts occurred in the 1G1S treatment under different ADI treatments. Average Ts in both years under 1G1S increased by 8.6 % and 15.4 % compared to 2G1S and 3G1S, respectively. Meanwhile, the difference in Ts fluctuations under different ADI treatments during daytime was substantially higher than during nighttime. The largest area (1271.8 cm2) of “moderate Ts” (20–22 ℃) occurred in the 2G1S treatment. Moreover, the longest “optimal Ts” duration occurred for the 22.5 mm irrigation depth under 2G1S. Therefore, the irrigation depth of 22.5 mm and the 2G1S treatment is recommended as the optimal irrigation strategy in this region.

使用 HYDRUS(二维/三维)评估不同灌溉水源对土壤温度的影响,并考虑水和热量的耦合运动
地表水和地下水交替使用的滴灌(ADI)已被广泛应用于干旱地区,以缓解热胁迫对作物生长的影响。然而,ADI下的热动态仍不清楚,尤其是ADI对土壤温度日波动和季节波动的影响()。因此,2019-2020 年期间在九庄节水综合试验站开展了为期两年的试验,连续监测土壤含水量(SWC)及其变化。此外,还利用 HYDRUS(2D/3D)软件模拟了不同评价情景下的波动,包括 a) 地表水灌溉(SW);b) 地下水灌溉(GW);c) 地下水和地表水交替灌溉(1G1S);d) 两次地下水灌溉和一次地表水灌溉(2G1S);e) 三次地下水灌溉和一次地表水灌溉(3G1S)。结果表明,HYDRUS(2D/3D)软件可精确模拟所有灌溉处理下的土壤含水量和动态,SWC 和验证期的均方根误差分别为 0.01-0.06 cm cm 和 1.25-1.57 ℃。不同 ADI 处理下的昼夜波动存在明显的时空差异,尤其是在 5 厘米土壤深度。一般来说,随着地下水灌溉频率的增加,昼夜波动也随之减小。在不同 ADI 处理下,3G1S 处理的日波动最小。两年中,3G1S 的平均值比 SW 低 12.2%,比 GW 高 4.4%。然而,在不同的 ADI 处理下,1G1S 处理的产量最高。与 2G1S 和 3G1S 相比,1G1S 两年的平均值分别增加了 8.6 % 和 15.4 %。同时,不同 ADI 处理下白天的波动差异大大高于夜间。中度"(20-22 ℃)的最大面积(1271.8 厘米)出现在 2G1S 处理中。此外,灌溉深度为 22.5 毫米的 2G1S 处理的 "最佳 "持续时间最长。因此,建议将 22.5 毫米灌溉深度和 2G1S 处理作为该地区的最佳灌溉策略。
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来源期刊
Soil & Tillage Research
Soil & Tillage Research 农林科学-土壤科学
CiteScore
13.00
自引率
6.20%
发文量
266
审稿时长
5 months
期刊介绍: Soil & Tillage Research examines the physical, chemical and biological changes in the soil caused by tillage and field traffic. Manuscripts will be considered on aspects of soil science, physics, technology, mechanization and applied engineering for a sustainable balance among productivity, environmental quality and profitability. The following are examples of suitable topics within the scope of the journal of Soil and Tillage Research: The agricultural and biosystems engineering associated with tillage (including no-tillage, reduced-tillage and direct drilling), irrigation and drainage, crops and crop rotations, fertilization, rehabilitation of mine spoils and processes used to modify soils. Soil change effects on establishment and yield of crops, growth of plants and roots, structure and erosion of soil, cycling of carbon and nutrients, greenhouse gas emissions, leaching, runoff and other processes that affect environmental quality. Characterization or modeling of tillage and field traffic responses, soil, climate, or topographic effects, soil deformation processes, tillage tools, traction devices, energy requirements, economics, surface and subsurface water quality effects, tillage effects on weed, pest and disease control, and their interactions.
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