Revolutionizing anticancer treatment: Ruthenium-based nanoplatforms pave new paths

Abstract

Cancer ranks among the top causes of mortality on a global scale. The only treatments available for cancer nowadays are surgery, radiation therapy, and the use of cytotoxic congeners, all of which have well-known adverse effects and issues with resistance development. However, there is currently no curative treatment for the majority of kinds of disseminated cancer, necessitating the identification and development of novel active chemotherapy drugs. At present, treatment of a number of cancers is strongly reliant on cisplatin and its congeners, though they have some serious side effects. Ruthenium complex, projected to be a perfect alternative of cisplatin, barring its side effects. Ruthenium complexes are receiving a lot of attention due to their potential as selective antimetastatic drugs with low systemic toxicity. At effective doses, ruthenium compounds cause much less host toxicity compared to cisplatin's. Ruthenium complexes are receiving a lot of attention due to their potential as selective antimetastatic drugs with low systemic toxicity. Scientists have generated a variety of Ru (II) and Ru (III) complexes, which have been demonstrated to have good antitumor and antimetastatic capabilities against animal models. However, they are usage into the clinical setting is restricted by their unfavourable physicochemical properties. Several approaches have been investigated to integrate ruthenium complexes into a range of nanoscale structures, which can overcome these shortcomings. In this article, the latest advancements in Ru (II) and Ru (III)-loaded nanomaterials are emphasized, their novel structural designs and constructions as well as their potential to alleviate cancer are explored in order to highlight their enormous potential as revolutionary anticancer agents.