In vitro investigations on the effects of graphene and graphene oxide on polycaprolactone bone tissue engineering scaffolds

IF 8.1 1区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL
Yanhao Hou, Weiguang Wang, Paulo Bartolo
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Abstract

Polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds that are produced through additive manufacturing are one of the most researched bone tissue engineering structures in the field. Due to the intrinsic limitations of PCL, carbon nanomaterials are often investigated to reinforce the PCL scaffolds. Despite several studies that have been conducted on carbon nanomaterials, such as graphene (G) and graphene oxide (GO), certain challenges remain in terms of the precise design of the biological and nonbiological properties of the scaffolds. This paper addresses this limitation by investigating both the nonbiological (element composition, surface, degradation, and thermal and mechanical properties) and biological characteristics of carbon nanomaterial-reinforced PCL scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. Results showed that the incorporation of G and GO increased surface properties (reduced modulus and wettability), material crystallinity, crystallization temperature, and degradation rate. However, the variations in compressive modulus, strength, surface hardness, and cell metabolic activity strongly depended on the type of reinforcement. Finally, a series of phenomenological models were developed based on experimental results to describe the variations of scaffold’s weight, fiber diameter, porosity, and mechanical properties as functions of degradation time and carbon nanomaterial concentrations. The results presented in this paper enable the design of three-dimensional (3D) bone scaffolds with tuned properties by adjusting the type and concentration of different functional fillers.

Graphic abstract

Abstract Image

石墨烯和氧化石墨烯对聚己内酯骨组织工程支架影响的体外研究
通过增材制造生产的聚己内酯(PCL)支架是该领域研究最多的骨组织工程结构之一。由于 PCL 本身的局限性,人们经常研究碳纳米材料来加固 PCL 支架。尽管对石墨烯(G)和氧化石墨烯(GO)等碳纳米材料进行了多项研究,但在支架的生物和非生物特性的精确设计方面仍存在一定的挑战。本文通过研究碳纳米材料增强 PCL 支架在骨组织工程应用中的非生物特性(元素组成、表面、降解、热和机械特性)和生物特性,解决了这一局限性。结果表明,G 和 GO 的加入增加了表面特性(模量和润湿性降低)、材料结晶度、结晶温度和降解率。然而,压缩模量、强度、表面硬度和细胞代谢活性的变化在很大程度上取决于增强材料的类型。最后,根据实验结果建立了一系列现象学模型,以描述支架重量、纤维直径、孔隙率和机械性能随降解时间和碳纳米材料浓度的变化。本文介绍的结果有助于通过调整不同功能填料的类型和浓度,设计出具有可调特性的三维(3D)骨支架。
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来源期刊
Bio-Design and Manufacturing
Bio-Design and Manufacturing Materials Science-Materials Science (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
13.30
自引率
7.60%
发文量
148
期刊介绍: Bio-Design and Manufacturing reports new research, new technology and new applications in the field of biomanufacturing, especially 3D bioprinting. Topics of Bio-Design and Manufacturing cover tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, mechanical devices from the perspectives of materials, biology, medicine and mechanical engineering, with a focus on manufacturing science and technology to fulfil the requirement of bio-design.
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