Early Eocene infructescences from Argentine Patagonia expand the biogeography of Malvoideae

IF 2.4 2区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

American Journal of Botany Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI:10.1002/ajb2.16384

Caroline Siegert, Maria A. Gandolfo, Peter Wilf

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Abstract

Premise

Fossil infructescences and isolated fruits with characters of Malvoideae, a subfamily of Malvaceae (mallow family), were collected from early Eocene sediments in Chubut, Argentina. The main goals of this research are to describe and place these fossils systematically, and to explore their biogeographical implications.

Methods

Fossils were collected at the Laguna del Hunco site, Huitrera Formation, Chubut, Patagonia, Argentina. They were prepared, photographed, and compared with extant and fossil infructescences and fruits of various families using herbarium material and literature.

Results

The infructescences are panicles with alternate arrangement of fruits. They bear the fruits on short pedicels that are subtended by a bract; the fruits display an infracarpelar disk and split to the base into five ovate sections interpreted as mericarps. Each mericarp is characterized by an acute apex and the presence of a longitudinal ridge. The isolated fruits show the same features as those on the infructescences. The fossils share unique features with members of the cosmopolitan family Malvaceae, subfamily Malvoideae.

Conclusions

The fossils have a unique combination of characters that does not conform to any previously described genus, justifying the erection of a new genus and species, Uiher karuen. This new taxon constitutes the first known Malvoideae reproductive fossils of the Southern Hemisphere, expanding the distribution of Malvoideae during the early Eocene.

查看原文本刊更多论文

阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚早始新世的果枝扩展了 Malvoideae 的生物地理学。

前提：从阿根廷丘布特早始新世沉积物中采集到了具有锦葵科锦葵亚科特征的果序化石和孤立果实。这项研究的主要目的是系统地描述和定位这些化石，并探讨其生物地理学意义：化石采集于阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚丘布特省惠特雷拉地层的亨科湖（Laguna del Hunco）遗址。利用标本馆材料和文献，对这些化石进行制备、拍照，并与现存和化石中各科的果序和果实进行比较：结果：果序为圆锥花序，果实交替排列。它们在短花梗上结出果实，花梗下有苞片；果实有一个果核下花盘，从基部裂成五个卵形部分，被解释为分果爿。每个分果爿都有一个锐尖的先端和一条纵脊。孤立的果实显示出与果序相同的特征。这些化石与世界性的锦葵科锦葵亚科的成员具有相同的特征：这些化石具有独特的特征组合，不符合之前描述的任何属，因此有理由建立一个新属和新种，即 Uiher karuen。这一新类群是南半球已知的第一个马尔沃科生殖化石，扩大了马尔沃科在始新世早期的分布范围。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

American Journal of Botany 生物-植物科学

CiteScore

4.90

自引率

6.70%

发文量

171

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The American Journal of Botany (AJB), the flagship journal of the Botanical Society of America (BSA), publishes peer-reviewed, innovative, significant research of interest to a wide audience of plant scientists in all areas of plant biology (structure, function, development, diversity, genetics, evolution, systematics), all levels of organization (molecular to ecosystem), and all plant groups and allied organisms (cyanobacteria, algae, fungi, and lichens). AJB requires authors to frame their research questions and discuss their results in terms of major questions of plant biology. In general, papers that are too narrowly focused, purely descriptive, natural history, broad surveys, or that contain only preliminary data will not be considered.